Single-domain Bose condensate magnetometer achieves energy resolution per bandwidth below ħ

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Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Date
2022-02-08
Major/Subject
Mcode
Degree programme
Language
en
Pages
6
1-6
Series
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Volume 119, issue 6
Abstract
We present a magnetic sensor with energy resolution per bandwidth ER < ħ. We show how a 87Rb single-domain spinor Bose–Einstein condensate, detected by nondestructive Faraday rotation probing, achieves single-shot low-frequency magnetic sensitivity of 72(8) fT measuring a volume V = 1,091(30) μm3 for 3.5 s, and thus, ER = 0.075(16)ħ. We measure experimentally the condensate volume, spin coherence time, and readout noise and use phase space methods, backed by three-dimensional mean-field simulations, to compute the spin noise. Contributions to the spin noise include one-body and three-body losses and shearing of the projection noise distribution, due to competition of ferromagnetic contact interactions and quadratic Zeeman shifts. Nonetheless, the fully coherent nature of the single-domain, ultracold two-body interactions allows the system to escape the coherence vs. density trade-off that imposes an energy resolution limit on traditional spin precession sensors. We predict that other Bose-condensed alkalis, especially the antiferromagnetic 23Na, can further improve the energy resolution of this method.
Description
| openaire: EC/H2020/820393/EU//macQsimal | openaire: EC/H2020/820405/EU//QRANGE | openaire: EC/H2020/766402/EU//ZULF ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. We thank Luca Tagliacozzo for insightful feedback. This work was supported by H2020 Future and Emerging Technologies Quantum Technologies Flagship projects MACQSIMAL (Grant Agreement 820393) and QRANGE (Grant Agreement 820405); H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions project ITN ZULF-NMR (Grant Agreement 766402); Spanish Ministry of Science “Severo Ochoa” Center of Excellence CEX2019-000910-S and project OCARINA (PGC2018-097056-B-I00 project funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER “A way to make Europe”); Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA program; Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca Grant 2017-SGR-1354; Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca del Departament d’Empresa i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya, cofunded by the European Union Regional Development Fund within the ERDF Operational Program of Catalunya (project QuantumCat, ref. 001-P-001644); Fundació Privada Cellex; Fundació Mir-Puig; 17FUN03 USOQS, which has received funding from the EMPIR programme cofinanced by the Participating States and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme; and CONACYT 255573 (México) PAPIIT-IN105217 (UNAM). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Keywords
Bose–Einstein condensates, Magnetometry, Quantum sensing
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Citation
Alvarez, S P, Gomez, P, Coop, S, Zamora-Zamora, R, Mazzinghi, C & Mitchell, M W 2022, ' Single-domain Bose condensate magnetometer achieves energy resolution per bandwidth below ħ ', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 119, no. 6, e2115339119, pp. 1-6 . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115339119