Effects of the Basel III Liquidity risk metrics on Finland’s Banking sector

Abstract

This thesis examines the impact of Basel III liquidity regulations on major banks in Finland. Specifically, it analyses the effects of the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) and Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR) which were introduced following the 2007-2008 global financial crisis. The research objective is to assess how compliance with these global liquidity standards has influenced key areas such as bank funding structures, balance sheet composition, profitability, lending capacity, and overall stability in Finland. A mixed-methods approach is employed, including quantitative analysis of bank financial data as well as qualitative interviews with risk managers. Financial metrics like liquidity ratios, loan-to-deposit ratios, interest margins, and risk profiles are compared before and after Basel III implementation using data from 2010-2014 and 2016-2022. Regression models with bank fixed effects are used to isolate the impact of the reforms while controlling for other factors. In addition, interviews survey changes to liquidity risk management practices in response to Basel III requirements. By examining the major Finnish banking groups Danske Bank, Nordea Bank, and OP Financial Group, the study aims to evaluate if Basel III achieved its goals of improving resilience without unduly restricting performance. The findings will provide insight into how international liquidity standards have affected the Finnish banking sector in practice and whether adjustments could enhance the regulations' effectiveness. The results can also inform debates on managing liquidity risk and financial stability at both domestic and global levels.