Metabolic modelling and 13C flux analysis : application to biotechnologically important yeasts and a fungus
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Informaatio- ja luonnontieteiden tiedekunta |
Doctoral thesis (article-based)
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Authors
Date
2009
Major/Subject
Mcode
Degree programme
Language
en
Pages
Verkkokirja (966 KB, 94 s.)
Series
VTT publications,
724
Abstract
All bioconversions in cells derive from metabolism. Microbial metabolisms contain potential for bioconversions from simple source molecules to unlimited number of biochemicals and for degradation of even detrimental compounds. Metabolic fluxes are rates of consumption and production of compounds in metabolic reactions. Fluxes emerge as an ultimate phenotype of an organism from an integrated regulatory function of the underlying networks of complex and dynamic biochemical interactions. Since the fluxes are time-dependent, they have to be inferred from other, measurable, quantities by modelling and computational analysis. 13C-labelling is crucial for quantitative analysis of fluxes through intracellular alternative pathways. Local flux ratio analysis utilises uniform 13C-labelling experiments, where the carbon source contains a fraction of uniformly 13C-labelled molecules. Carbon-carbon bonds are cleaved and formed in metabolic reactions depending on the in vivo fluxes. 13C-labelling patterns of metabolites or macromolecule components can be detected by mass spectrometry (MS) or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Local flux ratio analysis utilises directly the 13C-labelling data and metabolic network models to solve ratios of converging fluxes. In this thesis the local flux ratio analysis has been extended and applied to analysis of phenotypes of biotechnologically important yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris, and a fungus Trichoderma reesei. Oxygen dependence of in vivo net flux distribution of S. cerevisiae was quantified by using local flux ratios as additional constraints to the stoichiometric model of the central carbon metabolism. The distribution of fluxes in the pyruvate branching point turned out to be most responsive to different oxygen availabilities. The distribution of fluxes was observed to vary not only between the fully respiratory, respiro-fermentative and fermentative metabolic states but also between different respiro-fermentative states. The local flux ratio analysis was extended to the case of two-carbon source of glycerol and methanol co-utilisation by P. pastoris. The fraction of methanol in the carbon source did not have as profound effect on the distribution of fluxes as the growth rate. The effect of carbon catabolite repression (CCR) on fluxes of T. reesei was studied by reconstructing amino acid biosynthetic pathways and by performing local flux ratio analysis. T. reesei was observed to primarily utilise respiratory metabolism also in conditions of CCR. T. reesei metabolism was further studied and L-threo-3-deoxy-hexulosonate was identified as L-galactonate dehydratase reaction product by using NMR spectroscopy. L-galactonate dehydratase reaction is part of the fungal pathway for D-galacturonic acid catabolism.Description
Supervising professor
Maaheimo, Hannu, Dr.Keywords
metabolic modelling, metabolic flux, metabolic flux analysis (MFA), C-labelling, C-MFA, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
Other note
Parts
- [Publication 1]: Paula Jouhten, Eija Rintala, Anne Huuskonen, Anu Tamminen, Mervi Toivari, Marilyn Wiebe, Laura Ruohonen, Merja Penttilä, and Hannu Maaheimo. 2008. Oxygen dependence of metabolic fluxes and energy generation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK113-1A. BMC Systems Biology, volume 2, 60. © 2008 by authors.
- [Publication 2]: Aina Solà, Paula Jouhten, Hannu Maaheimo, Francesc Sánchez-Ferrando, Thomas Szyperski, and Pau Ferrer. 2007. Metabolic flux profiling of Pichia pastoris grown on glycerol/methanol mixtures in chemostat cultures at low and high dilution rates. Microbiology, volume 153, number 1, pages 281-290. © 2007 Society for General Microbiology (SGM). By permission.
- [Publication 3]: Paula Jouhten, Esa Pitkänen, Tiina Pakula, Markku Saloheimo, Merja Penttilä, and Hannu Maaheimo. 2009. 13C-metabolic flux ratio and novel carbon path analyses confirmed that Trichoderma reesei uses primarily the respirative pathway also on the preferred carbon source glucose. BMC Systems Biology, volume 3, 104. © 2009 by authors.
- [Publication 4]: Ari Rantanen, Juho Rousu, Paula Jouhten, Nicola Zamboni, Hannu Maaheimo, and Esko Ukkonen. 2008. An analytic and systematic framework for estimating metabolic flux ratios from 13C tracer experiments. BMC Bioinformatics, volume 9, 266. © 2008 by authors.
- [Publication 5]: Satu Kuorelahti, Paula Jouhten, Hannu Maaheimo, Merja Penttilä, and Peter Richard. 2006. L-galactonate dehydratase is part of the fungal path for D-galacturonic acid catabolism. Molecular Microbiology, volume 61, number 4, pages 1060-1068.