Optimizing Demand Response of Aggregated Residential Energy Storages

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Volume Title

School of Electrical Engineering | Doctoral thesis (article-based) | Defence date: 2018-10-12
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Authors

Date

2018

Department

Sähkötekniikan ja automaation laitos
Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation

Major/Subject

Mcode

Degree programme

Language

en

Pages

103 + app. 73

Series

Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS, 176/2018

Abstract

The increase in uncontrollable volatile renewable generation leads to a growing need for flexibility also on the consumption side of electricity. Residential consumers, especially with energy storages such as water heaters and batteries, could shift and curtail their energy consumption. However, in order to provide suitable changes to the consumption profiles of the consumers, appropriate methods for control and incentives have to be developed. This thesis presents several developed optimization methods for an aggregating retailer to aggregate multiple mostly independently acting consumers for diverse market participation. The first set of contributions included methods for planning aggregate consumptions schedules for the day-aheadmarket, as well as for taking into account the potential intra-day flexibility of the optimized schedules. In addition, analysis were made on how much the aggregator can shift the consumption of its consumers depending on whether the consumption is responsive to changes in prices or if the aggregator can directly alter the consumption. Secondly, the participation of residential consumption in frequency control was considered. Centralized control was simulated utilizing a proposed agent-basedmodel, under uncertain communication latencies. Furthermore, methods were proposed for optimizing day-ahead schedules for participation in the frequency reserve market. The optimization frameworks were extended to include various uncertainties in the resulting electricity demand and market prices, as well as coordination of charging and reserve participation plans between the consumers under the different conditions. In order to test the various developed methods, multiple stochastic programming models are devised and simulated for large populations of residential consumers. The results indicate that flexibility of residential consumption could potentially be utilized for participation in the wholesale market, intra-day trading and frequency reserves. Furthermore, the performed simulations illustrate the benefit of considering flexibility during the day-ahead planning of electricity consumption.

Description

Supervising professor

Vyatkin, Valeriy, Prof., Aalto University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Finland

Thesis advisor

Seilonen, Ilkka, Dr., Aalto University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Finland

Keywords

demand response, smart grid, optimization, energy storage, kysyntäjousto, älykkäät sähköverkot, optimointi, energiavarasto

Other note

Parts

  • [Publication 1]: Olli Kilkki, Antti Alahäivälä, Ilkka Seilonen. Optimized Control of Price-based Demand Response with Electric Storage Space Heating. IEEE Transactions of Industrial Informatics, Volume 11, Pages 281–288, Feb 2015.
    DOI: 10.1109/TII.2014.2342032 View at publisher
  • [Publication 2]: Olli Kilkki, Ilkka Seilonen, Kai Zenger, Valeriy Vyatkin. Incentives for Shaping the Consumption Profile of an Energy Storage Population. IEEE PES ISGT Europe 2016, Ljubljana, October 2016.
    DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2016.7856253 View at publisher
  • [Publication 3]: Olli Kilkki, Antti Kangasrääsiö, Raimo Nikkilä, Antti Alahäivälä, Ilkka Seilonen. Agent-based modeling and simulation of a smart grid: A case study of communication effects on frequency control.Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Volume 33, Pages 91–98, August 2014.
    DOI: 10.1016/j.engappai.2014.04.007 View at publisher
  • [Publication 4]: Antti Alahäivälä, Olli Kilkki, Merkebu Z. Degefa, Ilkka Seilonen, Matti Lehtonen. A Virtual Power Plant for the Aggregation of Domestic Heating Load Flexibility. In IEEE PES ISGT Europe 2014, Istanbul, October 2014.
    DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2014.7028861 View at publisher
  • [Publication 5]: Olli Kilkki, Ilkka Seilonen, Valeriy Vyatkin. Optimization of Decentralized Energy Storage Flexibility for Frequency Reserves. IECON 2015, Yokohama, November 2015.
    DOI: 10.1109/IECON.2015.7392431 View at publisher
  • [Publication 6]: Olli Kilkki, Kai Zenger, Ilkka Seilonen, Valeriy Vyatkin. Optimizing Residential Heating and Energy Storage Flexibility for Frequency Reserves. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Accepted – pre-review version, Final version at
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2018.02.047 View at publisher
  • [Errata file]: Errata of publication 2 and 5

Citation

Permanent link to this item

https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-60-8181-6

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[diss] Sähkötekniikan korkeakoulu / ELEC