Limitations in Cooling Electrons using Normal-Metal-Superconductor Tunnel Junctions
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Journal Title
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School of Science |
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
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Date
2004
Major/Subject
Mcode
Degree programme
Language
en
Pages
056804/1-4
Series
Physical Review Letters, Volume 92, Issue 5
Abstract
We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally two limiting factors in cooling electrons using biased tunnel junctions to extract heat from a normal metal into a superconductor. First, when the injection rate of electrons exceeds the internal relaxation rate in the metal to be cooled, the electrons do not obey the Fermi-Dirac distribution, and the concept of temperature cannot be applied as such. Second, at low bath temperatures, states within the gap induce anomalous heating and yield a theoretical limit of the achievable minimum temperature.Description
Keywords
cooling electrons, tunnel junctions, superconductors
Citation
Pekola, Jukka & Heikkilä, T. T. & Savin, A. M. & Flyktman, J. T. & Giazotto, F. & Hekking, F. W. J. 2004. Limitations in Cooling Electrons using Normal-Metal-Superconductor Tunnel Junctions. Physical Review Letters. Volume 92, Issue 5. P. 056804/1-4. ISSN 0031-9007 (printed). DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.056804.
