The Influence of Physical Mixing and Impregnation on the Physicochemical Properties of Pine Wood Activated Carbon Produced by One-Step ZnCl2 Activation

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dc.contributorAalto-yliopistofi
dc.contributorAalto Universityen
dc.contributor.authorPhiri, Josphaten_US
dc.contributor.authorAhadian, Hamidrezaen_US
dc.contributor.authorSandberg, Mariaen_US
dc.contributor.authorGranström, Karinen_US
dc.contributor.authorMaloney, Thaden_US
dc.contributor.departmentDepartment of Bioproducts and Biosystemsen
dc.contributor.groupauthorBio-based Materialsen
dc.contributor.organizationKarlstad Universityen_US
dc.date.accessioned2023-05-03T06:19:46Z
dc.date.available2023-05-03T06:19:46Z
dc.date.issued2023-03en_US
dc.descriptionFunding Information: This research was funded by The Foundation for Research of Natural Resources in Finland grant number 20220005 and Puunjalostusinsinöörit ry—Forest Products Engineers. This work made use of the Aalto University Nanomicroscopy Centre (Aalto-NMC) for SEM imaging and XPS. This work made use of Aalto University Bioeconomy Facilities. The authors also appreciate support from Jouko Lahtinen for conducting the XPS experiments. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.
dc.description.abstractIn this study, two different sample preparation methods to synthesize activated carbon from pine wood were compared. The pine wood activated carbon was prepared by mixing ZnCl2 by physical mixing, i.e., “dry mixing” and impregnation, i.e., “wet mixing” before high temperature carbonization. The influence of these methods on the physicochemical properties of activated carbons was examined. The activated carbon was analyzed using nitrogen sorption (surface area, pore volume and pore size distribution), XPS, density, Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemistry. Physical mixing led to a slightly higher density carbon (1.83 g/cm3) than wet impregnation (1.78 g/cm3). Raman spectroscopy analysis also showed that impregnation led to activated carbon with a much higher degree of defects than physical mixing, i.e., ID/IG = 0.86 and 0.89, respectively. The wet impregnated samples also had better overall textural properties. For example, for samples activated with 1:1 ratio, the total pore volume was 0.664 vs. 0.637 cm3/g and the surface area was 1191 vs. 1263 m2/g for dry and wet mixed samples, respectively. In the electrochemical application, specifically in supercapacitors, impregnated samples showed a much better capacitance at low current densities, i.e., 247 vs. 146 F/g at the current density of 0.1 A/g. However, the physically mixed samples were more stable after 5000 cycles: 97.8% versus 94.4% capacitance retention for the wet impregnated samples.en
dc.description.versionPeer revieweden
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen_US
dc.identifier.citationPhiri, J, Ahadian, H, Sandberg, M, Granström, K & Maloney, T 2023, ' The Influence of Physical Mixing and Impregnation on the Physicochemical Properties of Pine Wood Activated Carbon Produced by One-Step ZnCl 2 Activation ', Micromachines, vol. 14, no. 3, 572 . https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14030572en
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/mi14030572en_US
dc.identifier.issn2072-666X
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: 5b65594b-31e1-47d6-aba8-548d1fa5196ben_US
dc.identifier.otherPURE ITEMURL: https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/5b65594b-31e1-47d6-aba8-548d1fa5196ben_US
dc.identifier.otherPURE LINK: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85152213764&partnerID=8YFLogxKen_US
dc.identifier.otherPURE FILEURL: https://research.aalto.fi/files/107066962/CHEM_Phiri_et_al_The_Influence_of_Physical_2023_Micromachines.pdfen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/120590
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:fi:aalto-202305032911
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherMDPI AG
dc.relation.ispartofseriesMicromachinesen
dc.relation.ispartofseriesVolume 14, issue 3en
dc.rightsopenAccessen
dc.subject.keywordactivated carbonen_US
dc.subject.keywordbiomassen_US
dc.subject.keywordcarbonizationen_US
dc.subject.keywordenergy storageen_US
dc.subject.keywordphysical mixing and impregnationen_US
dc.subject.keywordpine wooden_US
dc.subject.keywordsupercapacitoren_US
dc.titleThe Influence of Physical Mixing and Impregnation on the Physicochemical Properties of Pine Wood Activated Carbon Produced by One-Step ZnCl2 Activationen
dc.typeA1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessäfi
dc.type.versionpublishedVersion
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[article-cris] Kemian tekniikan korkeakoulu / CHEM