Efficient Isolation Method for Highly Charged Phosphorylated Cellulose Nanocrystals

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A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä

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en

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11

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Biomacromolecules, Volume 24, issue 3, pp. 1318-1328

Abstract

Phosphorylation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) has remained a marginal activity despite the undisputed application potential in flame-retardant materials, sustainable high-capacity ion-exchange materials, or substrates for biomineralization among others. This is largely due to strenuous extraction methods prone to a combination of poor reproducibility, low degrees of substitution, disappointing yields, and impractical reaction sequences. Here, we demonstrate an improved methodology relying on the modification routines for phosphorylated cellulose nanofibers and hydrolysis by gaseous HCl to isolate CNCs. This allows us to overcome the aforementioned shortcomings and to reliably and reproducibly extract phosphorylated CNCs with exceptionally high surface charge (2000 mmol/kg) in a straightforward routine that minimizes water consumption and maximizes yields. The CNCs were characterized by NMR, ζpotential, conductometric titration, thermogravimetry, elemental analysis, wide-angle X-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy.

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Funding Information: This work was supported by Business Finland (grant no. 883/31/2019) and the Academy of Finland (grant nos. 318890 and 318891, Competence Centre for Materials Bioeconomy, FinnCERES). The authors acknowledge Dr. Ville Liljeström for his help in measuring WAXS and Dr. Laleh Solhi for her help in sample preparation and TEM measurements. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

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Kröger, M, Badara, O, Pääkkönen, T, Schlapp-Hackl, I, Hietala, S & Kontturi, E 2023, 'Efficient Isolation Method for Highly Charged Phosphorylated Cellulose Nanocrystals', Biomacromolecules, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 1318-1328. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01363