Voltage Control and Photovoltaic Hosting Capacity in Distribution Networks

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School of Electrical Engineering | Doctoral thesis (article-based) | Defence date: 2019-10-31
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Date

2019

Department

Sähkötekniikan ja automaation laitos
Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation

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Mcode

Degree programme

Language

en

Pages

89 + app. 93

Series

Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS, 203/2019

Abstract

The increasing share of renewable-based electricity generation is having a negative impact on the voltage quality, due to its inherent intermittency. Distribution network operators have to keep the voltage quality within the standards, also with the maximum integration of distributed energy resources (DERs). In active networks, distributed voltage control (DVC) strategies are emerging with the introduction of smart grid technologies that are able to handle voltage fluctuations with the least latency. Moreover, in highly PV penetrated distribution networks, the hosting capacity (HC) enhancement studies, with the active usage of auxiliary equipment like the on-load tap changer (OLTC), grid-tied inverters (GTI), battery energy storage systems (BESS) and their technical-effectiveness, is an emerging topic. The first objective of this thesis is to develop a comprehensive DVC strategy based on the multi-agent system's (MAS) autonomous control capability. Primarily, it comprises a token transversal-based MAS architecture that is utilizing agents associated with the loads, DERs and OLTC transformer. The developed control architecture optimally coordinates among active and reactive power control droops of GTIs. Secondly, a voltage flicker mitigation scheme is proposed that will react to the fast voltage fluctuations in a sub-second timescale. Lastly, a comprehensive control strategy is proposed that can address the voltage quality paradigm with the minimum latency and computation, having three distinct control levels of flicker control, local voltage control and coordinated voltage control. The proposed methodologies are validated by their employment in the realistic Finnish distribution networks. The second objective is to formulate a stochastic framework that can assess the HC potential of the distribution networks and their limiting constraints. To achieve the goal, realistic Finnish low voltage networks for various geographical locations are planned and studied. Later, the HC enhancement potential of BESS, due to voltage unbalance reduction, is quantified. Lastly, the OLTC and reactive power support from GTIs are employed to improve the HCs of the grids having an overvoltage issue and is compared with the traditional cost-intensive network reinforcement approach. The BESS employment in the same phase as the single-phase PV and the OLTC or OLTC in tandem with reactive power support from GTIs are found to have great theoretical potential for HC enhancement.

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Supervising professor

Lehtonen, Matti, Prof., Aalto University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Finland

Thesis advisor

Lehtonen, Matti, Prof., Aalto University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Finland

Keywords

voltage quality, multi-agent system, distributed voltage control, grid-tied inverters, reactive power control, hosting capacity, distribution networks

Other note

Parts

  • [Publication 1]: A. Arshad, M. Lehtonen. Multi-agent system based distributed voltage control in medium voltage distribution systems, 17th International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE), Prague, May 16th-18th, 2016.
    DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2016.7521715 View at publisher
  • [Publication 2]: A. Arshad, J. Ekström, M. Lehtonen. Multi-agent based distributed voltage regulation scheme with grid-tied inverters in active distribution networks, Electric Power System Research, 2018, vol. 160, pp. 180-190.
    DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2018.02.015 View at publisher
  • [Publication 3]: A. Arshad, M. Lehtonen. Instantaneous Active/Reactive Power Control Strategy for Flicker Mitigation Under High PV Penetration, IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe),Sarajevo, October 21st-25th, 2018.
    DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571855 View at publisher
  • [Publication 4]: A. Arshad, M. Lehtonen. A comprehensive voltage control strategy with voltage flicker compensation for highly PV penetrated distribution networks, Electric Power System Research, 2019, vol. 172, pp. 105-113.DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2019.02.019
  • [Publication 5]: A. Arshad, M. Lindner, M. Lehtonen. An analysis of photo-voltaic hosting capacity in Finnish low voltage distribution networks, Energies, 2017, vol. 10, issue 11, 1702.
    Full text in Acris/Aaltodoc: http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:aalto-201802091385
    DOI: 10.3390/en10111702 View at publisher
  • [Publication 6]: A. Arshad, V. Püvi, M. Lehtonen. Monte Carlo based comprehensive assessment of PV hosting capacity and energy storage impact in realistic Finnish low voltage networks, Energies, 2017, vol. 11, issue 6, 1467.
    Full text in Acris/Aaltodoc: http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:aalto-201809044947
    DOI: 10.3390/en11061467 View at publisher
  • techniques, IEEE Access,2019, vol. 7, pp. 46461-46471.
    Full text in Acris/Aaltodoc: http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:aalto-201906033481
    DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2908725 View at publisher

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https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-60-8799-3

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[diss] Sähkötekniikan korkeakoulu / ELEC