Spent Lead-Acid Battery Recycling via Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Smelting and Its Reaction Mechanism in the PbSO 4 -Fe 3 O 4 -Na 2 CO 3 -C System
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A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
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en
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12
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JOM, Volume 71, issue 7, pp. 2368-2379
Abstract
An innovative and environmentally friendly lead-acid battery paste recycling method is proposed. The reductive sulfur-fixing recycling technique was used to simultaneously extract lead and immobilize sulfur. SO 2 emissions and pollution were significantly eliminated. In this work, the detailed lead extraction and sulfur-fixing mechanisms in the PbSO 4 -Fe 3 O 4 -Na 2 CO 3 -C system were investigated thermodynamically and experimentally, and the phase transformation and microstructural evolution processes characterized. In addition, a series of bench-scale pilot experiments were carried out to confirm the feasibility of the technique. The results show that the lead extraction and sulfur-fixing reactions followed the shrinking unreacted-core model. The recycling products were separated into three distinct layers: slag, matte, and crude lead bullion. Primary recoveries of 96.2% for lead and 98.9% for sulfur were obtained. The purity of the crude lead bullion was 98.6 wt.%. Sulfur was fixed in the solidified matte as FeS and NaFeS 2 .Description
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Li, Y, Yang, S, Taskinen, P, He, J, Chen, Y, Tang, C, Wang, Y & Jokilaakso, A 2019, 'Spent Lead-Acid Battery Recycling via Reductive Sulfur-Fixing Smelting and Its Reaction Mechanism in the PbSO 4 -Fe 3 O 4 -Na 2 CO 3 -C System', JOM, vol. 71, no. 7, pp. 2368-2379. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03529-1