Phase equilibria and thermochemistry of selected sulfide systems in the pyrometallurgy of Ni and Cu

Abstract

A review of phase equilibria and thermodynamic data of Ni-(As, Se)-S and Cu-(As, Bi, Pb, Sb,Se, Te, Nb, Zn, Mo)-S systems was done. Particular emphases were given to the compilationand refine of the standard Gibbs energies of formations of equilibrium phases, which are ofinterest in the pyrometallurgical processes of copper and nickel production. Phase stabilities,phase relations and solubility limits of some equilibrium phases in the Ni-(As, Se)-S and Cu-Mo-Bi-Nb-S systems were also compiled and reviewed, based on the available literature.This work also reviews, updates, and extends the earlier reports. The Gibbs energies offormations and reactions are mostly presented as linear equations, in each temperature rangesof phase stabilities. List of thermal stabilities of some pure sulfides and sulfosalts were alsoreviewed and compiled (Appendix).