The potential for grid defection of small and medium sized enterprises using solar photovoltaic, battery and generator hybrid systems

No Thumbnail Available

Access rights

openAccess
acceptedVersion

URL

Journal Title

Journal ISSN

Volume Title

A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä

Date

2020-04

Major/Subject

Mcode

Degree programme

Language

en

Pages

12

Series

Renewable Energy, Volume 148, pp. 193-204

Abstract

Grid-tied solar photovoltaic (PV) systems enable lowercost electricity for small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) than current many providers of grid electricity in the U.S. These economic realities threaten conventional electric utilities, which have begun manipulating rate structures to reduce the profitability of distributed generation (DG), as well as putting arbitrary caps on DG in their service territories. SMEs may still reduce electricity costs, if they can grid defect with hybrid captive power systems made up of solar PV, battery and generator subsystems. This paper analyzes the technical and economic viability for hybrid solar systems deployed in the commercial sector to enable self-generation. Specifically, for the first time, the economics of grid defection are analyzed for three case studies of SMEs in the northern U.S., which represent a challenging technical case because of long dark winters, but also have high utility costs. The results of the simulations make it clear that grid defection is already viable for SMEs with the current prices for all components in the solar hybrid system. These results were consistent across scale, load-profile, and utility rate. These economic projections included no government incentives or subsidies and can thus be considered extremely conservative for the specific case studies. Policy changes are discussed for electric utilities to avoid the potential of a utility death spiral in this and similar performing locations.

Description

Keywords

Autoproduction, Battery, Captive power, Grid defection, Hybrid system, Photovoltaic

Other note

Citation

Peffley, T B & Pearce, J M 2020, ' The potential for grid defection of small and medium sized enterprises using solar photovoltaic, battery and generator hybrid systems ', Renewable Energy, vol. 148, pp. 193-204 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.12.039