Effects of Long-Term Liquidity Provisions on Bank Loan Supply: A Euro Area Review

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School of Business | Bachelor's thesis

Date

2021

Major/Subject

Mcode

Degree programme

Taloustiede

Language

en

Pages

22+3

Series

Abstract

Following the financial and sovereign debt crises, the European Central Bank has implemented a variety of unconventional monetary policy measures to maintain financial stability, among other mandated aims. One such measure are the long-term refinancing operations, both non-targeted and targeted. These operations have been undertaken with the aim of stimulating the credit supply from commercial banks. This literature review seeks to evaluate the effect these operations have had on loan supply in the euro area. A variant of the Monti-Klein model of banking is introduced from the literature, and a hypothesis is formed. The findings of the empirical literature are then evaluated against this hypothesis before forming an answer to the research question of this review. It is found that these long-term refinancing measures undertaken by the European Central Bank have broadly succeeded in their main aims: loan supply has increased as measured across the euro area, as well as in individual countries within. The positive shift in loan supply is observed as increased probabilities of favorable lending conditions, and as increased volumes of credit. These increases in lending have been heterogeneous by country, bank, and bank customer characteristics.

Description

Thesis advisor

Murto, Pauli
Välimäki, Juuso

Keywords

bank lending channel, central banking, financial crisis, loan supply, LTRO, monetary policy, TLTRO

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