Fabrication and characterization of graphene-based electronic devices
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School of Electrical Engineering |
Doctoral thesis (article-based)
| Defence date: 2015-08-28
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Author
Date
2015
Major/Subject
Mcode
Degree programme
Language
en
Pages
155
Series
Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS, 108/2015
Abstract
Graphene, a two-dimensional hexagonal carbon lattice, is a promising material for future electronics. High carrier mobility is viable through the two-dimensional plane and the true atomic thick layer enables to be transparency and flexiblility. The property is unique and never found before in other materials. A sp2-hybridized bonding in a lattice leads graphene to have physical strength that is about 100 times higher than steel. Its physical property is sustained while graphene is deformed. This is the reason why the graphene has been most attractive for electronics since it discovered in 2004. In this thesis, several different sources of graphene are introduced and investigated towards device applications. Among the sources ever known, graphene prepared on transition metal by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is most popular since the method yields a uniform singlelayer without a size limit. For fast and cost-effective synthesis of graphene, photo-thermal CVD (PTCVD) was further developed by investigating the process conditions and parameters, such as, the flow rate of precursor gases, pressure, time, and temperature. Particularly, influence of growth temperature on the graphene quality was further examined. As a result, synthesis of high quality single-layer graphene was achieved on copper at 935-950 °C in about 60 s. The quality of graphene was preliminarily determined by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Employing the CVD graphene, field-effect devices were fabricated and characterized at room temperature. With the control of the gate, highly tunable and switchable devices performing as a rectifier and an inverter were demonstrated. Remarkably, the device exhibiting full-wave rectification for 100 kHz of the AC input was presented utilizing three-terminal T-branch junction (TBJ). By applying the same CVD graphene layer to the gate electrode, transparent functionality through the device structure was additionally achieved. The experimental results are comparable to the previously reported TBJs having efficiency of 5-12% as the CVD graphene based TBJs shown here exhibits rectification with efficiency of 18%. As an inverter in the TBJ device, the highest voltage gain was observed to 2.4 at VD= 4 V. Finally, a cascaded two TBJ device structure where the output of the first TBJ was utilized as a gate input for thesecond TBJ was demonstrated. The output of the cascaded structure was displayed as clear rectification without any external gate. This is a significant step to realize the possibility of layer-by-layer device architecture for graphene-based monolithic integrated circuit, overcoming a zero-bandgap limit.Description
Supervising professor
Lipsanen, Harri, Prof., Aalto University, Department of Micro and Nanosciences, FinlandThesis advisor
Riikonen, Juha, Dr., Aalto University, Department of Micro and Nanosciences, FinlandKeywords
graphene, transistor, FET, rectifier, inverter, Raman scattering, Raman spectroscopy
Other note
Parts
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[Publication 1]: Kim, Wonjae; Li, Changfeng; Chekurov, Nikolai; Arpiainen, Sanna; Akinwande, Deji; Lipsanen, Harri; Riikonen, Juha. 2015. All-Graphene Three-Terminal Junction Field-Effect Devices as Rectifier and Inverter. American Chemical Society. ACS Nano, volume 9, issue 6, pages 5666-5674.
DOI: 10.1021/nn507199n View at publisher
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[Publication 2]: Kim, Wonjae; Riikonen, Juha; Li, Changfeng; Chen, Ya; Lipsanen, Harri. 2013. Highly tunable local gate controlled complementary graphene device performing as inverter and voltage controlled resistor. IOP Publishing. Nanotechnology, volume 24, issue 39, pages 395202-1-5.
DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/39/395202. View at publisher
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[Publication 3]: Kim, Wonjae; Pasanen, Pirjo; Riikonen, Juha; Lipsanen, Harri. 2012. Nonlinear behavior of three-terminal graphene junctions at room temperature. IOP Publishing. Nanotechnology, volume 23, issue 11, pages 115201-1-6.
DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/11/115201. View at publisher
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[Publication 4]: Riikonen, Juha; Kim, Wonjae; Li, Changfeng; Olli Svensk; Arpiainen, Sanna; Kainlauri, Markku; Lipsanen, Harri. 2013. Photo-thermal chemical vapor deposition of graphene on copper. Pergamon. Carbon, volume 62, pages 43-50.
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.05.050. View at publisher
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[Publication 5]: Berdova, Maria; Perros, P. Alexander; Kim, Wonjae; Riikonen, Juha; Ylitalo, Tuomo; Heino, Jouni; Li, Changfeng; Kassamakov, Ivan; Hæggström, Edward; Lipsanen, Harri; Franssila, Sami. 2014. Exceptionally strong and robust millimeter-scale graphene-alumina composite membrane. IOP Publishing. Nanotechnology, volume 25, issue 35, pages 355701-1-7.
DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/35/355701. View at publisher
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[Publication 6]: Säynätjoki, Antti; Karvonen, Lasse; Riikonen, Juha; Kim, Wonjae; Mehravar, Soroush; Norwood, A. Robert; Peyghambarian, Nasser; Lipsanen, Harri; Kieu, Khanh. 2013. Rapid large-area multi-photon microscopy for characterization of graphene. American Chemical Society. IOP Publishing. ACS Nano, volume 7, issue 10, pages 8441-8446.
DOI: 10.1021/nn4042909. View at publisher
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[Publication 7]: Vesapuisto, Erkki; Kim, Wonjae; Novikov, Sergey; Lipsanen, Harri; Kuivalainen, Pekka. 2011. Growth temperature dependence of the electrical and structural properties of epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001). WILEY-VCH Verlag. physica status solidi (b), volume 248, issue 8, pages 1908-1914.
DOI: 10.1002/pssb.201046368. View at publisher
