Dissipation at the Nanoscale: Cooper-pair Pumping and Electron Thermometry
Loading...
URL
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
School of Science |
Doctoral thesis (article-based)
| Defence date: 2014-11-18
Checking the digitized thesis and permission for publishing
Instructions for the author
Instructions for the author
Unless otherwise stated, all rights belong to the author. You may download, display and print this publication for Your own personal use. Commercial use is prohibited.
Authors
Date
2014
Major/Subject
Mcode
Degree programme
Language
en
Pages
138 + app. 93
Series
Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS, 165/2014
Abstract
Dissipation in electrical circuits is a theme of great relevance for present and future information technology. On the one hand, dissipation makes it increasingly demanding to scale down the tiny integrated circuits that run our computers. On the other hand, it poses a serious challenge to the realization of a "quantum" computer. In this thesis we study dissipation in three types of nanometer-sized electrical circuits cooled down to subkelvin temperatures. We first consider Cooper-pair pumps, whose output current is related to quantum geometric phases as well as to the amount of dissipation experienced by the device. We present the first observation of single Cooper-pair pumping without quasiparticle poisoning and a quantitative characterization of adiabaticity breakdown in pumping. We also propose to use a Cooper-pair pump to realize Landau-Zener-Stückelberg interferometry with geometric phases and envisage a novel scheme for Cooper-pair pumping. We then turn to thermometry in two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs). Thermalizing 2DEGs is problematic at low temperatures, so that dissipation becomes a critical issue. We aim at measuring the 2DEG temperature while minimizing the self-heating of the thermometer. We first demonstrate a variation on the well-known quantum dot thermometry scheme. We then propose and demonstrate a contactless scheme that combines quantum dot thermometry with charge sensing using a quantum point contact. The third type of circuit we consider is a fast electronic thermometer built out of a normal metal-insulator-superconductor (NIS) tunnel junction. This thermometer may be used to realize a fast microcalorimeter for single-photon detection in the microwave range. We demonstrate its use by measuring thermal relaxation times of a small copper island at the lowest temperature to date, in a regime where the relevant heat-relaxation mechanisms are strongly suppressed. Finally, this thesis contains three theoretical studies on the dynamics of periodically driven quantum systems in the presence of dissipation. We focus on the effects of the environment on the steady-state dynamics and on the distribution of energy exchanges between the driven system and the environment. These studies may serve as a starting point for further experiments beyond those reported in this thesis.Description
Supervising professor
Pekola, Jukka, Aalto University, O.V. Lounasmaa Laboratory, FinlandThesis advisor
Pekola, Jukka, Aalto University, O.V. Lounasmaa Laboratory, FinlandKeywords
superconducting circuits, Josephson junctions, electronic transport in mesoscopic systems, quantum dots, thermometry, quantum physics, open quantum systems
Other note
Parts
-
[Publication 1]: S. Gasparinetti, F. Deon, G. Biasiol, L. Sorba, F. Beltram, and F. Giazotto. Probing the local temperature of a two-dimensional electron gas microdomain with a quantum dot: Measurement of electronphonon interaction. Physical Review B, 83, 201306, 2011.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.83.201306 View at publisher
-
[Publication 2]: Y. Yoon, S. Gasparinetti, M. Mottonen, and J. P. Pekola. Capacitively Enhanced Thermal Escape in Underdamped Josephson Junctions. Journal of Low Temperature Physics, 163, 164, 2011.
DOI: 10.1007/s10909-011-0344-2 View at publisher
-
[Publication 3]: Gasparinetti, P. Solinas, and J.P. Pekola. Geometric Landau- Zener Interferometry. Physical Review Letters, 107, 207002, 2011.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.207002 View at publisher
-
[Publication 4]: Gasparinetti, P. Solinas, Y. Yoon, and J. P. Pekola. Single Cooperpair pumping in the adiabatic limit and beyond. Physical Review B, 86, 060502(R), 2012. DOI:
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.86.060502 View at publisher
-
[Publication 5]: Gasparinetti and I. Kamleitner. Coherent Cooper-pair pumping by magnetic flux control. Physical Review B, 86, 224510, 2012.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.86.224510 View at publisher
- [Publication 6]: Gasparinetti, M. J. Martinez-Perez, S. de Franceschi, J. P. Pekola, and F. Giazotto. Nongalvanic thermometry for ultracold two-dimensional electron domains. Applied Physics Letters, 86, 224510, 2012.
-
[Publication 7]: Gasparinetti, P. Solinas, S. Pugnetti, R. Fazio, and J. P. Pekola. Environment-Governed Dynamics in Driven Quantum Systems. Physical Review Letters, 110, 150403, 2013.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.150403 View at publisher
-
[Publication 8]: Torresani, M. J. Martinez-Perez, S. Gasparinetti, J. Renard, G. Biasiol, L. Sorba, F. Giazotto, and S. De Franceschi. Nongalvanic primary thermometry of a two-dimensional electron gas. Physical Review B, 88, 245304, 2013.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.88.245304 View at publisher
-
[Publication 9]: Gramich, S. Gasparinetti, P. Solinas, J. Ankerhold. Lamb shift enhancement and detection in strongly driven superconducting circuits. Physical Review Letters, 113, 027001, 2014.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.027001 View at publisher
- [Publication 10]: Gasparinetti, P. Solinas, A. Braggio, M. Sassetti. Heat-exchange statistics in driven open quantum systems. Accepted for publication in New Journal of Physics, arXiv:1404.3507, 2014.
- [Publication 11]: Gasparinetti, K. L. Viisanen, O.-P. Saira, T. Faivre, M. Arzeo, M. Meschke, and J. P. Pekola. Fast electron thermometry towards ultrasensitive calorimetric detection. arXiv:1405.7568, 2014.