Performance of anisole and isobutanol as gasoline bio-blendstocks for spark ignition engines

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Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Date
2021-08-05
Major/Subject
Mcode
Degree programme
Language
en
Pages
19
Series
Sustainability (Switzerland), Volume 13, issue 16
Abstract
Several countries have set ambitious targets for the transport sector that mandate a gradual increase in advanced biofuel content in the coming years. The current work addresses this transition and indicates two promising gasoline bio-blendstocks: anisole and isobutanol. The whole value chains of these bio-components were considered, focusing on end-use performance, but also analyz-ing feedstock and its conversion, well-to wheel (WTW) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and costs. Three alternative fuels, namely a ternary blend (15% anisole, 15% isobutanol, 70% fossil gasoline on an energy basis) and two binary blends (15% anisole with fossil gasoline and 30% isobutanol with fossil gasoline), were tested, focusing on their drop-in applicability in spark ignition (SI) engines. The formulated liquid fuels performed well and showed the potential to increase brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 1.4% on average. Measured unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were increased on average by 12–29% and 17–51%, respectively. However, HC and CO concentrations and exhaust temperatures were at acceptable levels for proper catalyst operation. The studied blends were estimated to bring 11–22% of WTW GHG emission reductions compared to base gasoline. Additionally, the fleet performance and benefits of flexi-fuel vehicles (FFV) were modeled for ternary blends.
Description
Funding Information: Funding: This research was funded by Neste Corporation. The authors would like to also acknowledge support from Neste and Fortum Foundation, the branch group Combustion Engines Finland (Teknologiateollisuus), Henry Ford Foundation and the Finnish Foundation for Technology Promotion (Tekniikan Edistämissäätiö). Funding Information: This research was funded by Neste Corporation. The authors would like to also ac-knowledge support from Neste and Fortum Foundation, the branch group Combustion Engines Finland (Teknologiateollisuus), Henry Ford Foundation and the Finnish Foundation for Technology Promotion (Tekniikan Edist?miss??ti?). The authors would like to thank Arpad Toldy and the ?SI-Developers? team members (Katri Suistio, Julia Myllyviita, Tomi Juselius, and Sen Chen Xin) for their contribution to this work. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Keywords
Anisole, Emissions, Fuel blends, Isobutanol, Renewable gasoline, Spark ignition engine performance
Other note
Citation
Wojcieszyk, M, Knuutila, L, Kroyan, Y, Balsemão, M D P, Tripathi, R, Keskivali, J, Karvo, A, Santasalo-Aarnio, A, Blomstedt, O & Larmi, M 2021, ' Performance of anisole and isobutanol as gasoline bio-blendstocks for spark ignition engines ', Sustainability (Switzerland), vol. 13, no. 16, 8729 . https://doi.org/10.3390/su13168729