Assessing goal-directed behavior in virtual reality with the neuropsychological task EPELI : children prefer head-mounted display but flat screen provides a viable performance measure for remote testing

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dc.contributorAalto-yliopistofi
dc.contributorAalto Universityen
dc.contributor.authorSeesjärvi, Eriken_US
dc.contributor.authorLaine, Mattien_US
dc.contributor.authorKasteenpohja, Kaislaen_US
dc.contributor.authorSalmi, Juhaen_US
dc.contributor.departmentDepartment of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineeringen
dc.contributor.organizationUniversity of Helsinkien_US
dc.contributor.organizationÅbo Akademi Universityen_US
dc.date.accessioned2023-08-01T06:16:19Z
dc.date.available2023-08-01T06:16:19Z
dc.date.issued2023en_US
dc.descriptionFunding Information: The study was supported by the Academy of Finland (grants #325981, #328954, and #353518 to JS, grant #323251 to ML). ES received support from the Finnish Cultural Foundation (grant #00201002), the Arvo and Lea Ylppo Foundation (grant #202010005), and the Instrumentarium Science Foundation (grant #200005). Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2023 Seesjärvi, Laine, Kasteenpohja and Salmi.
dc.description.abstractBackground and objective: EPELI (Executive Performance of Everyday LIving) is a Virtual Reality (VR) task that was developed to study goal-directed behavior in everyday life contexts in children. In this study, we had 72 typically developing 9- to 13-year-old children to play EPELI with an immersive version implemented with a head-mounted display (HMD) and a non-immersive version employing a flat screen display (FSD) in a counterbalanced order to see if the two versions yield similar results. The children’s everyday executive functions were assessed with the parent-rated Behavior Rating Inventory for Executive Functions (BRIEF) questionnaire. To assess the applicability of EPELI for online testing, half of the flat screen display version gameplays were conducted remotely and the rest in the laboratory. Results: All EPELI performance measures were correlated across the versions. The children’s performance was mostly similar in the two versions, but small effects reflecting higher performance in FSD-EPELI were found in the measures of Total score, Task efficacy, and Time-based prospective memory score. The children engaged in more active time monitoring in FSD-EPELI. While the children evaluated the feeling of presence and usability of both versions favorably, most children preferred HMD-EPELI, and evaluated its environment to be more involving and realistic. Both versions showed only negligible problems with the interface quality. No differences in task performance or subjective evaluations were found between the home-based and laboratory-based assessments of FSD-EPELI. In both EPELI versions, the efficacy measures were correlated with BRIEF on the first assessment, but not on the second. This raises questions about the stability of the associations reported between executive function tasks and questionnaires. Conclusions: Both the HMD and FSD versions of EPELI are viable tools for the naturalistic assessment of goal-directed behavior in children. While the HMD version provides a more immersive user experience and naturalistic movement tracking, the FSD version can maximize scalability, reachability, and cost efficacy, as it can be used with common hardware and remotely. Taken together, the findings highlight similarities between the HMD and FSD versions of a cognitively complex VR task, but also underline the specific advantages of these common presentation modes.en
dc.description.versionPeer revieweden
dc.format.extent19
dc.format.extent1-19
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen_US
dc.identifier.citationSeesjärvi, E, Laine, M, Kasteenpohja, K & Salmi, J 2023, ' Assessing goal-directed behavior in virtual reality with the neuropsychological task EPELI : children prefer head-mounted display but flat screen provides a viable performance measure for remote testing ', Frontiers in Virtual Reality, vol. 4, 1138240, pp. 1-19 . https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2023.1138240en
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/frvir.2023.1138240en_US
dc.identifier.issn2673-4192
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: 0855560b-52a7-465b-9880-0cb333173302en_US
dc.identifier.otherPURE ITEMURL: https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/0855560b-52a7-465b-9880-0cb333173302en_US
dc.identifier.otherPURE LINK: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85161378002&partnerID=8YFLogxKen_US
dc.identifier.otherPURE FILEURL: https://research.aalto.fi/files/115476674/Assessing_goal_directed_behavior_in_virtual_reality_with_the_neuropsychological_task_EPELI.pdfen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/122145
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:fi:aalto-202308014506
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherFrontiers Media
dc.relation.ispartofseriesFrontiers in Virtual Realityen
dc.relation.ispartofseriesVolume 4en
dc.rightsopenAccessen
dc.subject.keywordecological validityen_US
dc.subject.keywordexecutive functionsen_US
dc.subject.keywordnaturalistic tasken_US
dc.subject.keywordonline testingen_US
dc.subject.keywordprospective memoryen_US
dc.subject.keywordserious gamingen_US
dc.titleAssessing goal-directed behavior in virtual reality with the neuropsychological task EPELI : children prefer head-mounted display but flat screen provides a viable performance measure for remote testingen
dc.typeA1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessäfi
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