Solar Intensity X-Ray and Particle Spectrometer SIXS: Instrument Design and First Results

dc.contributorAalto-yliopistofi
dc.contributorAalto Universityen
dc.contributor.authorHuovelin, J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorVainio, R.en_US
dc.contributor.authorLehtolainen, A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKilpua, E.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKorpela, S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorEsko, Eeroen_US
dc.contributor.authorMuinonen, K.en_US
dc.contributor.authorBunce, E.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMartindale, A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGrande, M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAndersson, H.en_US
dc.contributor.authorNenonen, S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorLehti, Jussien_US
dc.contributor.authorSchmidt, W.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGenzer, M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorVihavainen, T.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSaari, J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorPeltonen, J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorValtonen, E.en_US
dc.contributor.authorTalvioja, M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorPortin, P.en_US
dc.contributor.authorNarendranath, S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorJärvinen, Rikuen_US
dc.contributor.authorOkada, T.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMilillo, A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorLaurenza, M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorHeino, E.en_US
dc.contributor.authorOleynik, P.en_US
dc.contributor.departmentDepartment of Electronics and Nanoengineeringen
dc.contributor.groupauthorTuija Pulkkinen Groupen
dc.contributor.organizationUniversity of Helsinkien_US
dc.contributor.organizationUniversity of Turkuen_US
dc.contributor.organizationUniversity of Leicesteren_US
dc.contributor.organizationAberystwyth Universityen_US
dc.contributor.organizationOxford Instruments Group Plcen_US
dc.contributor.organizationASRO - Aboa Space Research Oyen_US
dc.contributor.organizationFinnish Meteorological Instituteen_US
dc.contributor.organizationSpace Systems Finland Oyen_US
dc.contributor.organizationTalvioja Consulting Oyen_US
dc.contributor.organizationPatria Aviation Oyen_US
dc.contributor.organizationIndian Space Research Organizationen_US
dc.contributor.organizationInstitute of Space and Astronautical Scienceen_US
dc.contributor.organizationOsservatorio Astronomico di Romaen_US
dc.date.accessioned2020-08-06T12:13:10Z
dc.date.available2020-08-06T12:13:10Z
dc.date.issued2020-08-01en_US
dc.description.abstractThe Solar Intensity X-ray and particle Spectrometer (SIXS) on the BepiColombo Mercury Planetary Orbiter (“Bepi”) measures the direct solar X-rays, energetic protons, and electrons that bombard, and interact with, the Hermean surface. The interactions result in X-ray fluorescence and scattering, and particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE), i.e. “glow” of the surface in X-rays. Simultaneous monitoring of the incident and emitted radiation enables derivation of the abundances of some chemical elements and scattering properties of the outermost surface layer of the planet, and it may reveal other sources of X-ray emission, due to, for example, weak aurora-like phenomena in Mercury’s exosphere. Mapping of the Hermean X-ray emission is the main task of the MIXS instrument onboard BepiColombo. SIXS data will also be used for investigations of the solar X-ray corona and solar energetic particles (SEP), both in the cruise phase and the passes of the Earth, Venus and Mercury before the arrival at Mercury’s orbit, and the final science phase at Mercury’s orbit. These observations provide the first-ever opportunity for in-situ measurements of the propagation of SEPs, their interactions with the interplanetary magnetic field, and space weather phenomena in multiple locations throughout the inner solar system far away from the Earth, and more extensively at Mercury’s orbit. In this paper we describe the scientific objectives, design and calibrations, operational principles, and scientific performance of the final SIXS instrument launched to the mission to planet Mercury onboard BepiColombo. We also provide the first analysis results of science observations with SIXS, that were made during the Near-Earth Commissioning Phase and early cruise phase operations in 2018–19, including the background X-ray sky observations and “first light” observations of the Sun with the SIXS X-ray detection system (SIXS-X), and in-situ energetic electron and proton observations with the SIXS Particle detection system (SIXS-P).en
dc.description.versionPeer revieweden
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen_US
dc.identifier.citationHuovelin, J, Vainio, R, Lehtolainen, A, Kilpua, E, Korpela, S, Esko, E, Muinonen, K, Bunce, E, Martindale, A, Grande, M, Andersson, H, Nenonen, S, Lehti, J, Schmidt, W, Genzer, M, Vihavainen, T, Saari, J, Peltonen, J, Valtonen, E, Talvioja, M, Portin, P, Narendranath, S, Järvinen, R, Okada, T, Milillo, A, Laurenza, M, Heino, E & Oleynik, P 2020, ' Solar Intensity X-Ray and Particle Spectrometer SIXS: Instrument Design and First Results ', Space Science Reviews, vol. 216, no. 5, 94 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00717-3en
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s11214-020-00717-3en_US
dc.identifier.issn0038-6308
dc.identifier.issn1572-9672
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: 3e7d70e6-5aec-4737-a5fb-6e02f91b7d07en_US
dc.identifier.otherPURE ITEMURL: https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/3e7d70e6-5aec-4737-a5fb-6e02f91b7d07en_US
dc.identifier.otherPURE LINK: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85087855753&partnerID=8YFLogxKen_US
dc.identifier.otherPURE FILEURL: https://research.aalto.fi/files/44471087/Huovelin2020_Article_SolarIntensityX_RayAndParticle.pdfen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/45505
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:fi:aalto-202008064464
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherSPRINGER
dc.relation.ispartofseriesSpace Science Reviewsen
dc.relation.ispartofseriesVolume 216, issue 5en
dc.rightsopenAccessen
dc.subject.keywordBepiColomboen_US
dc.subject.keywordElectronsen_US
dc.subject.keywordInstrumentationen_US
dc.subject.keywordPlanet Mercuryen_US
dc.subject.keywordProtonsen_US
dc.subject.keywordSolar coronaen_US
dc.subject.keywordSolar X-raysen_US
dc.titleSolar Intensity X-Ray and Particle Spectrometer SIXS: Instrument Design and First Resultsen
dc.typeA2 Katsausartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessäfi
dc.type.versionpublishedVersion

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