Fabrication of biopolymer-based optical fibers for short-distance applications

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Journal Title

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Volume Title

Perustieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis

Date

2021-12-14

Department

Major/Subject

Advanced Materials for Innovation and Sustainability

Mcode

SCI3083

Degree programme

Master’s Programme in Advanced Materials for Innovation and Sustainability

Language

en

Pages

57 + 7

Series

Abstract

The extraordinary ability of optical fibers to control and propagate light has sparked a revolution in modern high-capacity communication networks. Beyond data networks, the state-of-the-art glass and plastic optical fibers have also been studied for numerous biomedical applications, including laser surgery, optogenetics, phototherapy and biosensing. However, commercial optical fibers have several disadvantages due to their brittle nature, non-biocompatibility and non-degradability necessary for biomedical applications. Therefore, there is a need to develop optical fibers from biopolymers that are biocompatible and biodegradable. Because of their biocompatible nature, biopolymer optical fibers can remain in the human body for a long time without iliciting an immune response. Because of their biodegradable nature, surgical removal after their use is not necessary. This thesis aimed to identify critical parameters to fabricate and characterize biopolymer optical fibers using environmentally benign fiber spinning methods. Three types of biopolymers, viz., alginate, carboxymethylcellulose and methylcellulose, were used for fiber preparation. The hydrogels prepared from the biopolymers were used for fiber extrusion using either wet-spinning or dry-jet wet spinning. The fibers were ionically cross-linked using metal ions under ambient conditions. The resulting fibers were then optically characterized for their waveguiding properties using the cutback method. The optical characterization suggests that the alginates-based fibers are not suitable for waveguiding due to very little light propagation. Interestingly, carboxymethylcellulose fibers displayed very low optical loss. This is on par or better than biopolymer optical fibers reported in the literature. The results encourage to explore further the potential of naturally abundant and renewable biomaterials for short-distance optical fibers.

Description

Supervisor

Ikkala, Olli

Thesis advisor

Nonappa, Nonappa

Keywords

biopolymers, optical fibers, alginate, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, cutback method

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