Stable Levels of Antibodies Against Unrelated Toxoid Vaccines After COVID-19 : COVID-19 Infection Does Not Affect Toxoid Vaccine Antibody Levels

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Volume Title

A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä

Date

2024-02-07

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en

Pages

14

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Pathogens and Immunity, Volume 8, issue 2, pp. 74-87

Abstract

Background: Lymphopenia is common in COVID-19. This has raised concerns that COVID-19 could affect the immune system akin to measles infection, which causes immune amnesia and a reduction in protective antibodies. Methods: We recruited COVID-19 patients (n = 59) in Helsinki, Finland, and collected plasma samples on 2 to 3 occasions during and after infection. We measured IgG antibodies to diphtheria toxin, tetanus toxoid, and pertussis toxin, along with total IgG, SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG, and neutralizing antibodies. We also surveyed the participants for up to 17 months for long-term impaired olfaction as a proxy for prolonged post-acute COVID-19 symptoms. Results: No significant differences were found in the unrelated vaccine responses while the serological response against COVID-19 was appropriate. During the acute phase of the disease, the SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were lower in outpatients when compared to inpatients. SARS-CoV-2 serology kinetics matched expectations. In the acute phase, anti-tetanus and anti-diphtheria IgG levels were lower in patients with prolonged impaired olfaction during follow up than in those without. Conclusions: We could not detect significant decline in overall humoral immunity during or after COVID-19 infection. In severe COVID-19, there appears to be a temporary decline in total IgG levels.

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Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Authors.

Keywords

Antibodies, COVID-19, Humoral, Immunity, Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, Vaccines

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Citation

Jokiranta, S T, Miettinen, S, Salonen, S, Kareinen, L, Uusitalo, R, Korhonen, E M, Virtanen, J, Kivistö, I, Aaltonen, K, Mosselhy, D A, Lääveri, T, Kantele, A, Arstila, T P, Jarva, H, Vapalahti, O, Heinonen, S & Kekäläinen, E 2024, ' Stable Levels of Antibodies Against Unrelated Toxoid Vaccines After COVID-19 : COVID-19 Infection Does Not Affect Toxoid Vaccine Antibody Levels ', Pathogens and Immunity, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 74-87 . https://doi.org/10.20411/pai.v8i2.627