Using advanced sensors for active control of lithium-ion batteries in mobile machinery

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Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis
Ask about the availability of the thesis by sending email to the Aalto University Learning Centre oppimiskeskus@aalto.fi

Date

2016-04-18

Department

Major/Subject

Mechanical Engineering

Mcode

IA3027

Degree programme

Master’s Programme in Mechanical Engineering

Language

en

Pages

97 + 35

Series

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries require active system control to ensure that the operating conditions of the batteries are maintained in the predefined level, especially in the case of temperature. Research into advanced sensors for use in lithium-ion cells has increased in recent times, as lithium-ion cells are the principal energy storage solution for vehicular applications. To exploit the full benefit of lithium-ion batteries, they require further development making them robust and durable in harsh operating conditions of heavy mobile machinery and agricultural tractors. The objective of this research is to evaluate advanced sensors for active control of lithium-ion batteries and the effectiveness of using sensors on cells. This thesis focuses on the several advanced developments that are taking place in the field of advanced sensors and monitoring of lithium-ion batteries, and what the aims are of the research projects demonstrating the key goals, benefits, and advancements. Fundamental research allowed understanding lithium-ion cells, and how cells can be affected with different conditions. The experimental measurements taken were temperature and strain with the use of sensors. The sensors used to measure the strain was with strain gauges and the temperature with 2 different types of sensor analogue and digital. Thermocouples and 1-wire DS18B20z temperature sensors were used which demonstrated a comparison of different technologies. The results have shown the characteristics during charge and discharge, and the homogeneous temperature across the cell. The results show the homogeneous temperature can be affected but it was not an incredibly large difference. The expected behaviour can be seen throughout the test results; however, the behaviour during the beginning of each charge showed an endothermic cooling effect taking place due to the chemical reaction, whereas during discharge it was exothermic. The results have shown that an active battery management system to function with the temperature sensors would be beneficial, allowing for advancements in lithium-ion cell technology. Overall, the results show the experimental tests have been successful with different sensors, especially with monitoring the temperature change.

Description

Supervisor

Ekman, Kalevi

Thesis advisor

Lajunen, Antti

Keywords

lithium-ion battery, battery management system, advanced sensors, state of life, state of health state of charge, 1-wire

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