High-resolution 3D printing of xanthan gum/nanocellulose bio-inks
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A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
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Date
2022-06-01
Department
Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering
Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems
Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems
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Language
en
Pages
2020-2031
Series
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Volume 209, issue B
Abstract
The current study provides a comprehensive rheology study and a survey on direct ink writing of xanthan gum/cellulose nanocrystal (XG/CNC) bio-inks for developing 3D geometries that mimic soft tissue engineering scaffolds' physical and mechanical properties. The presence of CNC was found to be a critical prerequisite for the printability of XG bio-inks; accordingly, the hybrid XG/CNC bio-inks revealed the excellent viscoelastic properties that enabled precise control of hydrogel shaping and printing of lattice structures composed of up to eleven layers with high fidelity and fair resolution without any deformation after printing. The lyophilized 3D scaffolds presented a porous structure with open and interconnected pores and a porosity higher than 70%, vital features for tissue engineering scaffolds. Moreover, they showed a relatively high swelling of approximately 11 g/g, facilitating oxygen and nutrient exchange. Furthermore, the elastic and compressive moduli of the scaffolds that enhanced significantly upon increasing CNC content were in the range of a few kPa, similar to soft tissues. Finally, no significant cell cytotoxicity was observed against human liver cancer cells (HepG2), highlighting the potential of these developed 3D printed scaffolds for soft tissue engineering applications.Description
The authors would like to acknowledge the Academy of Finland funding; No. 327248 (ValueBiomat) and 327865 (Bioeconomy). This work was a part of the Academy of Finland's Flagship Programme under Projects No. 318890 and 318891 (Competence Center for Materials Bioeconomy, FinnCERES). The authors would also like to thank the Biohybrid Materials Research Group (Aalto University) for providing the HepG2 cells.
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Baniasadi, H, Kimiaei, E, Teixeira Polez, R, Ajdary, R, Rojas Gaona, O, Österberg, M & Seppälä, J 2022, ' High-resolution 3D printing of xanthan gum/nanocellulose bio-inks ', International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol. 209, no. B, pp. 2020-2031 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.183