Reducing the environmental impact in the design process of the electric drive transmission

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Journal Title

Journal ISSN

Volume Title

Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu | Master's thesis

Date

2022-08-22

Department

Major/Subject

Sustainable Energy and Environment

Mcode

MJ2418

Degree programme

Environomical Pathways for Sustainable Energy Systems

Language

en

Pages

55+12

Series

Abstract

The automation industry is one of the sectors that have a notable impact on the environment and global warming. While the current incentives tend to decrease the tail emission of vehicles, it is impossible to decarbonize this sector without optimizing the manufacturing processes as well. This thesis work focuses on the powertrain mounts system assembly to analyze its environmental impact. Raw material is the main sector that results in a high carbon footprint. Total carbon footprint, human toxicity and fossil depletion potential of powertrain mounts system is around 420 kg CO2eq, 103.5 kg 1,4-DCBeq and 117.3 kg oil_eq, respectively. The raw material processing is responsible for 77% of the total emissions, followed by the manufacturing of components of the powertrain mount system with 26%. Half of the greenhouse gases emission directly come from the production of electricity which is consumed throughout the whole supply chain. The study for individual raw materials shows that aluminum is the main contributor in all impact categories, while polyamide is the less harmful material among others. Although the carbon footprint of logistics and assembling is almost negligible, they have a higher impact on agricultural land occupation (19%) and ionising radiation potential (17%), respectively. The study demonstrates that the global warming potential of aluminum alloys can be decreased around 10 times by using secondary aluminum. Moreover, shifting the platform to BEV from ICE reduces carbon footprint by 65% in total, while the discrete decline in the carbon footprint of raw material, manufacturing, and logistics is 59%, 85%, and 72%, respectively. Furthermore, the location of suppliers is one of the main factors regarding the carbon footprint as electricity is the key factor in direct emission. The CO2eq emission can be decreased by around 40% in manufacturing by obtaining components from European suppliers, especially Nordic countries. This also leads to a reduction in the environmental impact of logistics. Moreover, Techno-economic comparison shows that producing parts in Norway instead of China can lead to additional savings due to the upcoming emission taxes for import products in Europe.

Description

Supervisor

Santasalo-Aarnio, Annukka

Thesis advisor

Nedström, Charlotta

Keywords

powertrain, environmental impact, life-cycle assessment, circular economy, electric vehicle, carbon footprint

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Citation