Negative Absolute Temperatures: 'Hot' Spins in Spontaneous Magnetic Order

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© 1994 American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). This is the preprint version of the article: Hakonen, Pertti J. & Lounasmaa, Olli V. 1994. Negative Absolute Temperatures: 'Hot' Spins in Spontaneous Magnetic Order. Science. Volume 265, Issue 5180. 1-29. DOI: 10.1126/science.265.5180.1821.

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Journal Title

Journal ISSN

Volume Title

School of Science | A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä

Date

1994

Major/Subject

Mcode

Degree programme

Language

en

Pages

1-29

Series

Science, Volume 265, Issue 5180

Abstract

Depending on the sign of the spin temperature, +-T, in the picokelvin range, antiferro- and ferromagnetic nuclear order in silver are caused by the same interactions. In rhodium, the antiferromagnetic state is preferred both at T > 0 and at T < 0. The lowest and 'highest' temperatures ever produced and measured, 280 pK and -750 pK, have been reached in the course of these experiments. The results on silver, in particular, show that negative temperatures are real, not fictitious quantities.

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Keywords

negative absolute temperatures, spontaneous magnetic order

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Citation

Hakonen, Pertti J. & Lounasmaa, Olli V. 1994. Negative Absolute Temperatures: 'Hot' Spins in Spontaneous Magnetic Order. Science. Volume 265, Issue 5180. 1-29. DOI: 10.1126/science.265.5180.1821