Optimization of Embedded Element Patterns of Reactively Loaded Antenna Arrays

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A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
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Date

2025

Department

Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering

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Mcode

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Language

en

Pages

15

Series

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Volume 73, issue 10, pp. 7655-7669

Abstract

This article introduces a framework for synthesizing reactively loaded antennas and antenna arrays. The framework comprises two main components: computing the fundamental bound using the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) and finding a realizable solution via optimization on a Riemannian manifold. The embedded element patterns (EEPs) are subjected to the optimization with two distinct goals under study: focusing the radiation in a single direction or synthesizing patterns with desired shapes. The reactive terminations of passive antenna elements serve as optimization variables. We demonstrate the framework using a connected bowtie-slot antenna and antenna array with both beam-focusing and beam-shaping targets. The tests show that the optimization on the Riemannian manifold yields superior results compared with existing methods, such as the genetic algorithm (GA). This is particularly evident in the most complex and extensive problem, which requires the synthesis of shaped EEPs for a sparse reactively loaded antenna array with a limited field of view.

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Publisher Copyright: © 1963-2012 IEEE.

Keywords

Antenna arrays, element pattern synthesis, fundamental bounds, loaded antennas, optimization, reactive loads, sparse antenna arrays

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DOI

10.1109/TAP.2025.3579156

Citation

Salmi, A, Capek, M, Jelinek, L, Lehtovuori, A & Viikari, V 2025, 'Optimization of Embedded Element Patterns of Reactively Loaded Antenna Arrays', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 73, no. 10, pp. 7655-7669. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3579156

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https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:aalto-202511198838

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[article-cris] Sähkötekniikan korkeakoulu / ELEC