X-Ray and Multiwavelength Polarization of Mrk 501 from 2022 to 2023

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A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä

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en

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Astrophysical Journal, Volume 974, issue 1

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We present multiwavelength polarization measurements of the luminous blazar Mrk 501 over a 14 month period. The 2-8 keV X-ray polarization was measured with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) with six 100 ks observations spanning from 2022 March to 2023 April. Each IXPE observation was accompanied by simultaneous X-ray data from NuSTAR, Swift/XRT, and/or XMM-Newton. Complementary optical-infrared polarization measurements were also available in the B, V, R, I, and J bands, as were radio polarization measurements from 4.85 GHz to 225.5 GHz. Among the first five IXPE observations, we did not find significant variability in the X-ray polarization degree and angle with IXPE. However, the most recent sixth observation found an elevated polarization degree at >3 above the average of the other five observations. The optical and radio measurements show no apparent correlations with the X-ray polarization properties. Throughout the six IXPE observations, the X-ray polarization degree remained higher than, or similar to, the R-band optical polarization degree, which remained higher than the radio value. This is consistent with the energy-stratified shock scenario proposed to explain the first two IXPE observations, in which the polarized X-ray, optical, and radio emission arises from different regions.

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Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s).

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Chen, C T J, Liodakis, I, Middei, R, Kim, D E, Di Gesu, L, Di Marco, A, Ehlert, S R, Errando, M, Negro, M, Jorstad, S G, Marscher, A P, Wu, K, Agudo, I, Poutanen, J, Mizuno, T, Kouch, P M, Lindfors, E, Borman, G A, Grishina, T S, Kopatskaya, E N, Larionova, E G, Morozova, D A, Savchenko, S S, Troitsky, I S, Troitskaya, Y V, Vasilyev, A A, Zhovtan, A V, Aceituno, F J, Bonnoli, G, Casanova, V, Escudero, J, Agís-González, B, Husillos, C, Santos, J O, Sota, A, Piirola, V, Myserlis, I, Angelakis, E, Kraus, A, Gurwell, M, Keating, G, Rao, R, Kang, S, Lee, S S, Kim, S H, Cheong, W Y, Jeong, H W, Song, C, Berdyugin, A V, Kagitani, M, Kravtsov, V, Nitindala, A P, Sakanoi, T, Imazawa, R, Sasada, M, Fukazawa, Y, Kawabata, K S, Uemura, M, Nakaoka, T, Akitaya, H, Casadio, C, Sievers, A, Antonelli, L A, Bachetti, M, Baldini, L, Baumgartner, W H, Bellazzini, R, Bianchi, S, Bongiorno, S D, Bonino, R, Brez, A, Bucciantini, N, Capitanio, F, Castellano, S, Cavazzuti, E, Ciprini, S, Costa, E, De Rosa, A, Del Monte, E, Di Lalla, N, Donnarumma, I, Doroshenko, V, Dovčiak, M, Enoto, T, Evangelista, Y, Fabiani, S, Ferrazzoli, R, Garcia, J A, Gunji, S, Hayashida, K, Heyl, J, Iwakiri, W, Kaaret, P, Karas, V, Kislat, F, Kitaguchi, T, Kolodziejczak, J J, Krawczynski, H, La Monaca, F, Latronico, L, Maldera, S, Manfreda, A, Marin, F, Marinucci, A, Marshall, H L, Massaro, F, Matt, G, Mitsuishi, I, Muleri, F, Ng, C Y, O'Dell, S L, Omodei, N, Oppedisano, C, Papitto, A, Pavlov, G G, Peirson, A L, Perri, M, Pesce-Rollins, M, Petrucci, P O, Pilia, M, Possenti, A, Puccetti, S, Ramsey, B D, Rankin, J, Ratheesh, A, Roberts, O J, Romani, R W, Sgró, C, Slane, P, Soffitta, P, Spandre, G, Swartz, D A, Tamagawa, T, Tavecchio, F, Taverna, R, Tawara, Y, Tennant, A F, Thomas, N E, Tombesi, F, Trois, A, Tsygankov, S S, Turolla, R, Vink, J, Weisskopf, M C, Xie, F & Zane, S 2024, 'X-Ray and Multiwavelength Polarization of Mrk 501 from 2022 to 2023', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 974, no. 1, ad63a1. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad63a1