Adaptive methods for blind equalization and signal separation in MIMO systems
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Doctoral thesis (article-based)
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Date
2002-08-23
Major/Subject
Mcode
Degree programme
Language
en
Pages
97, [85]
Series
Report / Helsinki University of Technology, Signal Processing Laboratory, 36
Abstract
This thesis addresses the problems of blind source separation (BSS) and blind and semi-blind communications channel equalization. In blind source separation, signals from multiple sources arrive simultaneously at a sensor array, so that each sensor output contains a mixture of source signals. Sets of sensor outputs are processed to recover the source signals from the mixed observations. The term blind refers to the fact that specific source signal values and accurate parameter values of a mixing model are not known a priori. Application domains for the material in this thesis include communications, biomedical, and sensor array signal processing. The goal of this thesis is development of blind and semi-blind algorithms which require little or no prior information about source signal or mixing system parameter values in order to process the data. We start with the problem of extracting unknown input signals from measured outputs of instantaneous multiple-input multiple-output (I-MIMO) systems with constant parameter values. Suggested solutions are then extended to time-varying I-MIMO systems and also to constant finite impulse response multiple-input multiple-output (FIR-MIMO) systems. Another goal is to find a practical solution for the more challenging case of time-varying FIR-MIMO systems. The source separation techniques proposed in this thesis are based on state-space models and on recursive estimation. Blind separation algorithms based on Kalman filters are proposed. The source signals are treated using low-order autoregressive models. Projections along signal subspace eigenvectors are used to reduce the dimensionality of observations and also for spatial decorrelation of sources. Any changes that occur in the signal subspace can be tracked online. When considering slowly time-varying FIR-MIMO systems, fractional sampling can be used to derive a set of slowly time-varying I-MIMO systems. Thus, the proposed recursive BSS algorithms for I-MIMO systems can be used for blind equalization of slowly time-varying FIR communications channels. The problem of equalization of time-varying FIR MIMO systems is also addressed in this thesis. The proposed solutions involve semi-blind algorithms which work in two stages. First, a channel estimate is derived, and then the observation sequence is equalized. The algorithms estimate the otherwise-unknown noise statistics, and as a result achieve performance close to that of an optimal Kalman-based algorithm. A non-connected decision feedback equalization algorithm is derived for FIR-MIMO systems, using a minimum mean square error criterion. Simulation results show that the algorithm is able to track time and frequency selective channels and also to mitigate intersymbol and interuser interference.Description
Keywords
adaptive blind source separation, semi-blind equalization, MIMO system, recursive algorithms
Other note
Parts
- M. Enescu, V. Koivunen. Tracking Time-Varying Mixing System in Blind Separation. In IEEE Workshop on Sensor Array and Multichannel (SAM) Signal Processing, pp. 291-295, March 2000.
- M. Enescu, V. Koivunen. Recursive Estimator for Separation of Arbitrarily Kurtotic Sources. IEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal and Array Processing (SSAP), pp. 301-305, August 2000.
- M. Enescu, Y. Zhang, S.A. Kassam, V. Koivunen. Recursive Estimator for Blind MIMO Equalization via BSS and Fractional Sampling. In IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC), pp. 94-97, March 2001.
- V. Koivunen, M. Enescu, E. Oja. Adaptive Algorithm for Blind Separation from Noisy Time-Varying Mixtures. In Neural Computation, 13 (10): pp. 2339-2357, October 2001.
- M. Enescu, M. Sirbu, and V. Koivunen. Recursive Semi-Blind Equalizer for Time-Varying MIMO Channels. In IEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing (SSP), pp. 289-292, August 2001.
- M. Enescu, M. Sirbu, V. Koivunen. Adaptive Equalization of Time-Varying MIMO Channels. Report 34, Signal Processing Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, ISBN 951-22-5944-3, submitted to Signal Processing, May 2001.
- M. Enescu, M. Sirbu, V. Koivunen. Recursive Estimation of Noise Statistics in Kalman Filter Based MIMO Equalization. In press, URSI General Assembly, August 2002.