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Dimensioning and rule-based control of thermal energy storage for a Finnish hybrid-heated energy community
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A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
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en
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18
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Applied Thermal Engineering, Volume 293
Abstract
Reliance on high peak district heating (DH) power demand constrains the cost-effective operation of community-level hybrid heating systems. The study evaluates tank thermal energy storage (TTES) as a peak-shaving solution for a Finnish energy community heated by a dual source heat pump and DH produced from hydrogen production waste heat. A novel simulation-based parametric analysis framework was developed and utilized to determine the cost-optimal TTES dimensioning for the analyzed community. It jointly assessed peak-shaving effectiveness and economic feasibility by varying threshold power of tank discharging, tank charging power, and tank size (500–1500 m3). Results indicated that effective peak shaving required a balanced combination of threshold power of tank discharging and tank charging power. Lowering the threshold alone was ineffective with a 700 m3 tank, and performance became less sensitive to control settings at 1500 m3. Cost savings were mainly from reduced DH power fees rather than energy costs, with diminishing returns beyond 700 m3 once the shaved peak approached the threshold power of tank discharging. The cost-optimal dimensioning (1416 kW threshold power of tank discharging, 730 kW tank charging power, and 600 m3 tank size) reduced the maximum three-hour average DH power demand by 40% from 2452 kW in the baseline without TTES. Correspondingly, the total operating cost was lowered by 17%. It decreased the LCC over a 25-year period by 13% and achieved a discounted payback period of 10.3 years. These findings provide actionable guidance for TTES dimensioning and control in hybrid-heated energy communities under hourly tariff structures.
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Publisher Copyright: © 2026 The Authors.
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Wang, Y, Zhang, R, Meriläinen, A, Kosonen, A, Jokisalo, J & Kosonen, R 2026, 'Dimensioning and rule-based control of thermal energy storage for a Finnish hybrid-heated energy community', Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 293, 130415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.130415