Cell Phone Radiation Exposure Limits and Engineering Solutions
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Journal Title
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Volume Title
A2 Katsausartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
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Date
2023-04
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Language
en
Pages
25
1-25
1-25
Series
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Volume 20, issue 7
Abstract
In the 1990s, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) restricted its risk assessment for human exposure to radiofrequency radiation (RFR) in seven ways: (1) Inappropriate focus on heat, ignoring sub-thermal effects. (2) Reliance on exposure experiments performed over very short times. (3) Overlooking time/amplitude characteristics of RFR signals. (4) Ignoring carcinogenicity, hypersensitivity, and other health conditions connected with RFR. (5) Measuring cellphone Specific Absorption Rates (SAR) at arbitrary distances from the head. (6) Averaging SAR doses at volumetric/mass scales irrelevant to health. (7) Using unrealistic simulations for cell phone SAR estimations. Low-cost software and hardware modifications are proposed here for cellular phone RFR exposure mitigation: (1) inhibiting RFR emissions in contact with the body, (2) use of antenna patterns reducing the Percent of Power absorbed in the Head (PPHead) and body and increasing the Percent of Power Radiated for communications (PPR), and (3) automated protocol-based reductions of the number of RFR emissions, their duration, or integrated dose. These inexpensive measures do not fundamentally alter cell phone functions or communications quality. A health threat is scientifically documented at many levels and acknowledged by industries. Yet mitigation of RFR exposures to users does not appear as a priority with most cell phone manufacturers.Description
Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.
Keywords
antennas, cancer, cellular phone, electromagnetic hypersensitivity, radiofrequency radiation, SAR
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Citation
Héroux, P, Belyaev, I, Chamberlin, K, Dasdag, S, De Salles, A A A, Rodriguez, C E F, Hardell, L, Kelley, E, Kesari, K K, Mallery-Blythe, E, Melnick, R L, Miller, A B, Moskowitz, J M & International Commission on the Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields (ICBE-EMF) 2023, ' Cell Phone Radiation Exposure Limits and Engineering Solutions ', International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 20, no. 7, 5398, pp. 1-25 . https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075398
