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Comprehensive Study of Zr-Doped Ni-Rich Cathode Materials Upon Lithiation and Co-Precipitation Synthesis Steps
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A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
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en
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11
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ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, Volume 16, issue 22, pp. 28683-28693
Abstract
Ni-rich layered oxides LiNi1-x-yMnxCoyO2 (NMC811, x = 0.1 and y = 0.1) are considered promising cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) due to their high energy density. However, those suffer a severe capacity loss upon cycling at high delithiated states. The loss of performance over time can be retarded by Zr doping. Herein, a small amount of Zr is added to NMC811 material via two alternative pathways: during the formation of the transition metal (TM) hydroxide precursor at the co-precipitation step (0.1%-Zr-cp) and during the lithiation at the solid-state synthesis step (0.1%-Zr-ss). In this work, the crystallographic Zr uptake in both 0.1%-Zr-ss and 0.1%-Zr-cp is determined and quantified through synchrotron X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. We prove that the inclusion of Zr in the TM site for 0.1%-Zr-cp leads to an improvement of both specific capacity (156 vs 149 mAh/g) and capacity retention (85 vs 82%) upon 100 cycles compared to 0.1%-Zr-ss where the Zr does not diffuse into the active material and forms only an extra phase separated from the NMC811 particles.
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Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.
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Colalongo, M, Ali, B, Martens, I, Mirolo, M, Laakso, E, Atzori, C, Confalonieri, G, Kus, P, Kobets, A, Kong, X, Schulli, T, Drnec, J, Kankaanpää, T & Kallio, T 2024, 'Comprehensive Study of Zr-Doped Ni-Rich Cathode Materials Upon Lithiation and Co-Precipitation Synthesis Steps', ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, vol. 16, no. 22, pp. 28683-28693. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.4c05058