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Design of permanent magnet synchronous motor
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School of Electrical Engineering |
Master's thesis
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en
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59
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Abstract
Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) remain one of the most widely used machine types due to their high torque density, excellent efficiency, and straightforward control characteristics. Among the different PMSM topologies, the surface mounted configuration (SPMSM) provides simple construction and predictable magnetic behaviour, making it suitable for analytical modelling and finite element validation. Motivated by these advantages, the work carried out in this thesis establishes a complete design workflow for an SPMSM, beginning from analytical prediction and progressing toward detailed finite element evaluation.
The initial stage of the study focuses on defining the machine geometry where particular attention is given to the slot–pole combination, magnet dimensions, and the winding arrangement. The final design adopts 56 series turns per phase which implemented in FEMM as 8 turns per slot, ensuring an accurate representation of the magnetomotive force distribution. Analytical equations are developed to estimate airgap flux density, number of turns, stator current, and the torque–load angle behaviour. These analytical results form a baseline for understanding the ideal electromagnetic characteristics of the designed machine.
To capture the details of physical behaviour that may be simplified or ignored by analytical models, the work includes creating a very detailed 2D finite element model in FEMM. Flux linkage, back-EMF, and torque are computed under realistic magnetic conditions, including slotting effects and nonlinear material behaviour. Flux linkage waveforms remain nearly sinusoidal while back-EMF exhibits expected slot harmonic distortion. The torque produced in FEMM is slightly lower than the analytical peak due to saturation and practical current distribution.
Finally, the analytical and FEMM results are compared to validate the modelling workflow. The comparison confirms consistent trends between the two methods while highlighting the physical effects that influence real machine behaviour. The validated process provides a reliable foundation for PMSM design and offers a clear pathway for future extensions such as thermal modelling, loss analysis, and inverter-fed operation.