Covid-transformer: Interpretable covid-19 detection using vision transformer for healthcare

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A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä

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en

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14

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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Volume 18, issue 21

Abstract

In the recent pandemic, accurate and rapid testing of patients remained a critical task in the diagnosis and control of COVID-19 disease spread in the healthcare industry. Because of the sudden increase in cases, most countries have faced scarcity and a low rate of testing. Chest X-rays have been shown in the literature to be a potential source of testing for COVID-19 patients, but manually checking X-ray reports is time-consuming and error-prone. Considering these limitations and the advancements in data science, we proposed a Vision Transformer-based deep learning pipeline for COVID-19 detection from chest X-ray-based imaging. Due to the lack of large data sets, we collected data from three open-source data sets of chest X-ray images and aggregated them to form a 30 K image data set, which is the largest publicly available collection of chest X-ray images in this domain to our knowledge. Our proposed transformer model effectively differentiates COVID-19 from normal chest X-rays with an accuracy of 98% along with an AUC score of 99% in the binary classification task. It distinguishes COVID-19, normal, and pneumonia patient’s X-rays with an accuracy of 92% and AUC score of 98% in the Multi-class classification task. For evaluation on our data set, we fine-tuned some of the widely used models in literature, namely, EfficientNetB0, InceptionV3, Resnet50, MobileNetV3, Xception, and DenseNet-121, as baselines. Our proposed transformer model outperformed them in terms of all metrics. In addition, a Grad-CAM based visualization is created which makes our approach interpretable by radiologists and can be used to monitor the progression of the disease in the affected lungs, assisting healthcare.

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Funding Information: Funding: This work was supported by the Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the project number 959. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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Citation

Shome, D, Kar, T, Mohanty, S N, Tiwari, P, Muhammad, K, Altameem, A, Zhang, Y & Saudagar, A K J 2021, 'Covid-transformer : Interpretable covid-19 detection using vision transformer for healthcare', International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 18, no. 21, 11086. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111086