Microstructural Characterization of Ceramic-Reinforced Ti–6Al–4V Alloys using SEM, EDS Mapping, and EBSD Techniques

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A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
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Authors

Date

2025-10

Department

Department of Energy and Mechanical Engineering

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Mcode

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Language

en

Pages

14

Series

Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis, Volume 14, issue 5, pp. 1070-1083

Abstract

This study examines the improvements in microstructure and hardness of Ti-6Al-4V alloys reinforced with 5 wt% TiN and TiB₂. These ceramic reinforcements were incorporated through spark plasma sintering (SPS). Adding Cr and Ni significantly refines the β-phase microstructure and stabilizes its distribution. Meanwhile, TiN particles serve as effective nucleation sites, and the in situ TiB₂ whiskers help pin grain boundaries, promoting dynamic recrystallization. EBSD analysis shows a marked reduction in grain size, decreasing from 8.91 μm in the unreinforced alloy to 5.27 μm in the composite. This analysis also reveals a weak crystallographic texture and a predominance of low-angle grain boundaries, indicative of sub-grain formation. The combined effects of grain boundary refinement, dispersion strengthening from TiN and TiB₂ particles, and β-phase stabilization through the addition of Cr and Ni lead to a significant increase in hardness, rising from 353 HV0.2 in the matrix alloy to 592 HV0.2 in the composite.

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Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2025.

Keywords

Ceramic particles, EDS mapping, Electron backscatter diffraction, Ti-6Al-4V alloy

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DOI

10.1007/s13632-025-01199-x

Citation

Falodun, O, Akinwamide, O, Oke, S & Bodunrin, M 2025, 'Microstructural Characterization of Ceramic-Reinforced Ti–6Al–4V Alloys using SEM, EDS Mapping, and EBSD Techniques', Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 1070-1083. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13632-025-01199-x

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https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:aalto-202511198797

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