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Neural underpinnings of hand dexterity in humans
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Kemian tekniikan korkeakoulu |
Bachelor's thesis
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CHEM3054
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en
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34+11
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Abstract
Hand dexterity is one of the most advanced human motor functions, supported by a complex neural network comprising cortical, subcortical, and spinal levels. This thesis explores the neural mechanisms of dexterity, focusing on the function of the motor cortex (M1), corticospinal tract (CST), somatosensory cortex, and the underexplored descending pathways, such as the reticulospinal and rubrospinal tracts. It further examines how stroke-related disruption of these networks affects dexterity and how functional reorganization of these networks may support recovery. Another focus in this thesis is on non-invasive neurophysiological techniques, especially transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in combination with electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG), which allows for an investigation of cortical excitability, connectivity, and motor output. The thesis includes an observational component, involving a clinical project where these techniques are used to study muscle activation and observe cortical responses. Together, the literature and experimental observations emphasize how dexterity originates from the distributed sensorimotor control system and how its impairment and recovery can be studied systematically. The findings expand the general understanding of motor control and set the stage for the future, promising possibilities of using neurophysiological tools to support rehabilitation.