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Gluonic vacuum, q-theory, and the cosmological constant
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A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
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Physical Review D, Volume 79, issue 6, pp. 1-8
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In previous work, q-theory was introduced to describe the gravitating macroscopic behavior of a conserved microscopic variable q. In this article, the gluon condensate of quantum chromodynamics is considered in terms of q-theory. The remnant vacuum energy density (i.e., cosmological constant) of an expanding universe is estimated as K3QCD/E2Planck, with string tension KQCD≈(102MeV)2 and gravitational scale EPlanck≈1019GeV. The only input for this estimate is general relativity, quantum chromodynamics, and the Hubble expansion of the present Universe.
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Klinkhamer, F R & Volovik, G 2009, 'Gluonic vacuum, q-theory, and the cosmological constant', Physical Review D, vol. 79, no. 6, 063527, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.79.063527