Broadband multi-wavelength properties of M87 during the 2018 EHT campaign including a very high energy flaring episode

Loading...
Thumbnail Image

Access rights

openAccess
CC BY
publishedVersion

URL

Journal Title

Journal ISSN

Volume Title

A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä

Major/Subject

Mcode

Degree programme

Language

en

Pages

44

Series

Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 692

Abstract

Context. The nearby elliptical galaxy M87 contains one of only two supermassive black holes whose emission surrounding the event horizon has been imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). In 2018, more than two dozen multi-wavelength (MWL) facilities (from radio to γ-ray energies) took part in the second M87 EHT campaign. Aims. The goal of this extensive MWL campaign was to better understand the physics of the accreting black hole M87∗, the relationship between the inflow and inner jets, and the high-energy particle acceleration. Understanding the complex astrophysics is also a necessary first step towards performing further tests of general relativity. Methods. The MWL campaign took place in April 2018, overlapping with the EHT M87∗ observations. We present a new, contemporaneous spectral energy distribution (SED) ranging from radio to very high-energy (VHE) γ-rays as well as details of the individual observations and light curves. We also conducted phenomenological modelling to investigate the basic source properties. Results. We present the first VHE γ-ray flare from M87 detected since 2010. The flux above 350 GeV more than doubled within a period of ≈36 hours.We find that the X-ray flux is enhanced by about a factor of two compared to 2017, while the radio and millimetre core fluxes are consistent between 2017 and 2018. We detect evidence for a monotonically increasing jet position angle that corresponds to variations in the bright spot of the EHT image. Conclusions. Our results show the value of continued MWL monitoring together with precision imaging for addressing the origins of high-energy particle acceleration. While we cannot currently pinpoint the precise location where such acceleration takes place, the new VHE γ-ray flare already presents a challenge to simple one-zone leptonic emission model approaches, and it emphasises the need for combined image and spectral modelling.

Description

Publisher Copyright: © The Authors 2024.

Other note

Citation

Ramakrishnan, V, Savolainen, T, The Event Horizon Telescope - Multi-wavelength science working group, Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration, Fermi Large Area Telescope Collaboration, H.E.S.S. Collaboration, MAGIC Collaboration, VERITAS Collaboration & EAVN Collaboration 2024, 'Broadband multi-wavelength properties of M87 during the 2018 EHT campaign including a very high energy flaring episode', Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 692, A140. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450497