Free-Form Gaze Passwords from Cameras Embedded in Smart Glasses

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dc.contributorAalto-yliopistofi
dc.contributorAalto Universityen
dc.contributor.authorFriström, Eiraen_US
dc.contributor.authorLius, Eliasen_US
dc.contributor.authorUlmanen, Nikien_US
dc.contributor.authorHietala, Paavoen_US
dc.contributor.authorKärkkäinen, Pauliinaen_US
dc.contributor.authorMäkinen, Tommien_US
dc.contributor.authorSigg, Stephanen_US
dc.contributor.authorFindling, Rainharden_US
dc.contributor.departmentDepartment of Computer Scienceen_US
dc.contributor.departmentDepartment of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineeringen_US
dc.contributor.departmentAalto Universityen_US
dc.contributor.departmentAmbient Intelligenceen_US
dc.contributor.departmentDepartment of Communications and Networkingen
dc.date.accessioned2021-03-22T07:08:57Z
dc.date.available2021-03-22T07:08:57Z
dc.date.issued2019-12en_US
dc.description.abstractContemporary personal mobile devices support a variety of authentication approaches, featuring different levels of security and usability. With cameras embedded in smart glasses, seamless, hands-free mobile authentication based on gaze is possible. Gaze authentication relies on knowledge as a secret, and gaze passwords are composed from a series of gaze points or gaze gestures. This paper investigates the concept of free-form mobile gaze passwords. Instead of relying on gaze gestures or points, free-form gaze gestures exploit the trajectory of the gaze over time. We collect and investigate a set of 29 different free-form gaze passwords from 19 subjects. In addition, the practical security of the approach is investigated in a study with 6 attackers observing eye movements during password input to subsequently perform spoofing. Our investigation indicates that most free-form gaze passwords can be expressed as a set of common geometrical shapes. Further, our free-form gaze authentication yields a true positive rate of 81% and a false positive rate with other gaze passwords of 12%, while targeted observation and spoofing is successful in 17.5% of all cases. Our usability study reveals that further work on the usability of gaze input is required as subjects reported that they felt uncomfortable creating and performing free-form passwords.en
dc.description.versionPeer revieweden
dc.format.extent9
dc.format.extent136–144
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen_US
dc.identifier.citationFriström , E , Lius , E , Ulmanen , N , Hietala , P , Kärkkäinen , P , Mäkinen , T , Sigg , S & Findling , R 2019 , Free-Form Gaze Passwords from Cameras Embedded in Smart Glasses . in 17th International Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing & Multimedia (MoMM2019) . ACM , pp. 136–144 , International Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing and Multimedia , Munich , Germany , 02/12/2019 . https://doi.org/10.1145/3365921.3365928en
dc.identifier.doi10.1145/3365921.3365928en_US
dc.identifier.isbn978-1-4503-7178-0
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: 8262c0af-38b9-4566-a090-bfbfc0f2585aen_US
dc.identifier.otherPURE ITEMURL: https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/8262c0af-38b9-4566-a090-bfbfc0f2585aen_US
dc.identifier.otherPURE FILEURL: https://research.aalto.fi/files/37133588/ELEC_Fristrom_free_form_gaze_MoMM2019.pdfen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/103226
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:fi:aalto-202103222504
dc.language.isoenen
dc.relation.ispartofInternational Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing and Multimediaen
dc.relation.ispartofseries17th International Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing & Multimedia (MoMM2019)en
dc.rightsopenAccessen
dc.subject.keywordauthenticationen_US
dc.subject.keywordfree-formen_US
dc.subject.keywordgaze passworden_US
dc.subject.keywordmatchingen_US
dc.subject.keywordsmart glassesen_US
dc.titleFree-Form Gaze Passwords from Cameras Embedded in Smart Glassesen
dc.typeConference article in proceedingsfi
dc.type.versionacceptedVersion
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[article-cris] Perustieteiden korkeakoulu / SCI