Neural basis of in-group bias and prejudices: A systematic meta-analysis
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Volume Title
A2 Katsausartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
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Date
2021-12
Major/Subject
Mcode
Degree programme
Language
en
Pages
14
1214-1227
1214-1227
Series
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS, Volume 131
Abstract
In-group favoritism and prejudices relate to discriminatory behaviors but, despite decades of research, understanding of their neural correlates has been limited. A systematic coordinate-based meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies (altogether 87 original datasets, n = 2328) was conducted to investigate neural inter-group biases, i.e., responses toward in-group vs. out-group in different contexts. We found inter-group biases in some previously identified brain regions (e.g., the medial prefrontal cortex, insula) but also in many previously non-identified brain regions (e.g., the cerebellum, precentral gyrus). Sub-group analyses indicated that neural correlates of inter-group biases may be mostly context-specific. Regarding different types of group memberships, inter-group bias toward trivial groups was evident only in the cingulate cortex, while inter-group biases toward “real” groups (ethnic, national, or political groups) involved broader sets of brain regions. Additionally, there were heightened neural threat responses toward out-groups’ faces and stronger neural empathic responses toward in-groups’ suffering. We did not obtain significant publication bias. Overall, the findings provide novel implications for theory and prejudice-reduction interventions.Description
Funding Information: We are deeply grateful for the authors of original publications who kindly provided additional information for conducting this meta-analysis: Manuela Berlingeri, University of Urbino, Italy; Brittany Cassidy, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, US; Mina Cikara and Tatiana Lau, Harvard University, US; Melike Fourie, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Grit Hein, University of Würzburg, Germany; Keise Izuma, University of Southampton, UK; Matt T. Richins, University of Exeter, UK; Mona Sobhani, University of Southern California, US. Financially supported by the Academy of Finland #332309 (to the Prevent Consortium) and by the International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology ICN HSE RF Government grant ag. No. 075-15-2019-1930 (to Iiro P. Jääskeläinen). Funding Information: We are deeply grateful for the authors of original publications who kindly provided additional information for conducting this meta-analysis: Manuela Berlingeri, University of Urbino, Italy; Brittany Cassidy, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, US; Mina Cikara and Tatiana Lau, Harvard University, US; Melike Fourie, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Grit Hein, University of W?rzburg, Germany; Keise Izuma, University of Southampton, UK; Matt T. Richins, University of Exeter, UK; Mona Sobhani, University of Southern California, US. Financially supported by the Academy of Finland#332309 (to the Prevent Consortium) and by the International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology ICN HSE RF Government grant ag. No. 075-15-2019-1930 (to Iiro P. J??skel?inen). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors
Keywords
BOLD, Brain, Discrimination, In-group favoritism, Out-group derogation
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Citation
Saarinen, A, Jääskeläinen, I P, Harjunen, V, Keltikangas-Järvinen, L, Jasinskaja-Lahti, I & Ravaja, N 2021, ' Neural basis of in-group bias and prejudices : A systematic meta-analysis ', NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS, vol. 131, pp. 1214-1227 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.027
