Desalination by pulsed electrodialysis reversal: Approaching fully closed-loop water systems in wood pulp mills
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Volume Title
A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
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Date
2021-11-15
Major/Subject
Mcode
Degree programme
Language
en
Pages
8
Series
Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 298
Abstract
A pulsed electrodialysis reversal (pEDR) process is proposed to desalinate spent water after particle removal, biological and chemical coagulation, which are commonly used as a sequence in Kraft pulp mills. pEDR affords closed-loop processing, reducing the need for freshwater intake while maintaining the quality of recirculating process streams. Compared with conventional electrodialysis, pEDR minimizes production losses (from 5 % to 0.6 %), extending the time for hydraulic reversal (from 15 min to at least 2 h). Simultaneously, the conductivity of the effluent is significantly reduced, from 2100 to 200 μS/cm, reaching a quality similar to the feed water. The operation cost (0.38 US$/m3) is factored in the techno-economic viability of the process water recirculation, which is also demonstrated for its scalability. Additionally, WinGEMS simulation highlights the benefits of installing a pEDR unit, positively impacting mill water under different recirculation rates. Overall, we show remarkable gains in water economy, operation (maintenance and fouling), and quality, which are critical factors in achieving resource sufficiency.Description
Funding Information: The authors are grateful with Arauco Bioforest S.A. for giving the right to use the presented results. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors
Keywords
Effluent recirculation, Electrodialysis reversal, Kraft process wastewater
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Citation
Gonzalez-Vogel, A, Moltedo, J J & Rojas, O J 2021, ' Desalination by pulsed electrodialysis reversal: Approaching fully closed-loop water systems in wood pulp mills ', Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 298, 113518 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113518
