Joint effect of ethylene and toluene on carbon nanotube growth

This work contributes to the understanding of single-walled carbon nanotube synthesis by an aerosol CVD method using ethylene and toluene as a hybrid carbon source. We evaluated an extensive set of synthesis conditions revealing the role of ferrocene, toluene, and ethylene. We found the fundamental role of ethylene promoting nanotube nucleation and catalyst activation degree at all the concentrations studied, and enhancing nanotube growth at low ethylene content. We observed the interplay effect of toluene and ethylene concentrations on the nanotube growth rate, accompanied by the detrimental effect of toluene on catalyst activation degree. Nevertheless, toluene apparently promotes nanotube crystallinity, increasing the film conductivity while used as an individual carbon source. Adjusting the ethylene and toluene concentrations, we produced carbon nanotube-based transparent and conductive films with an equivalent sheet resistance (at 90% transmittance at 550 nm wavelength) value of 57 Ω/□ at the synthesis yield of 0.24 cm2 L−1, which is at least two times higher than the results reported earlier.

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Funding Information: The authors thank Anton Bubis and MIPT Shared Facilities Center for the help with scanning electron microscopy. E.M.Kh. and D.V.K. acknowledge Russian Science Foundation grant No. 20-73-10256 (synthesis of SWCNTs and optical measurements). E.M.Kh. and T.K. acknowledge Academy of Finland project No. 320167 (PREIN Flagship - Aalto University). Q.Zh. and E.I.K. acknowledge Academy of Finland project No. 316572 (CNTstress). A.G.N. and A.E.G. acknowledge the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 17-19-01787 - doping of carbon nanotubes). E.I.K. acknowledge the Academy of Finland for Mobility Grant (application number 334466). A.P.Ts. acknowledges the EDUFI Fellowship (No. TM-19-11079) from the Finnish National Agency for Education and the Magnus Ehrnrooth Foundation (the Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters) for personal financial support. This work made use of the Aalto University Otanano, RAMI and Bioeconomy infrastructures. Funding Information: The authors thank Anton Bubis and MIPT Shared Facilities Center for the help with scanning electron microscopy. E.M.Kh. and D.V.K. acknowledge Russian Science Foundation grant No. 20-73-10256 (synthesis of SWCNTs and optical measurements). E.M.Kh. and T.K. acknowledge Academy of Finland project No. 320167 (PREIN Flagship - Aalto University ). Q.Zh. and E.I.K. acknowledge Academy of Finland project No. 316572 (CNTstress). A.G.N. and A.E.G. acknowledge the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 17-19-01787 - doping of carbon nanotubes). E.I.K. acknowledge the Academy of Finland for Mobility Grant (application number 334466). A.P.Ts. acknowledges the EDUFI Fellowship (No. TM-19-11079) from the Finnish National Agency for Education and the Magnus Ehrnrooth Foundation (the Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters ) for personal financial support. This work made use of the Aalto University Otanano, RAMI and Bioeconomy infrastructures. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

Keywords

Aerosol CVD synthesis, Equivalent sheet resistance, Floating catalyst, Single-walled carbon nanotube

DOI

10.1016/j.carbon.2021.12.052

Citation

Khabushev, E M, Krasnikov, D V, Goldt, A E, Fedorovskaya, E O, Tsapenko, A P, Zhang, Q, Kauppinen, E I, Kallio, T & Nasibulin, A G 2022, ' Joint effect of ethylene and toluene on carbon nanotube growth ', Carbon, vol. 189, pp. 474-483 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2021.12.052

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https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:aalto-202201121155

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[article-cris] Kemian tekniikan korkeakoulu / CHEM

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Joint effect of ethylene and toluene on carbon nanotube growth

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