New Tests of Milli-lensing in the Blazar PKS 1413 + 135

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dc.contributorAalto-yliopistofi
dc.contributorAalto Universityen
dc.contributor.authorPeirson, A. L.en_US
dc.contributor.authorLiodakis, I.en_US
dc.contributor.authorReadhead, A. C.S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorLister, M. L.en_US
dc.contributor.authorPerlman, E. S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAller, M. F.en_US
dc.contributor.authorBlandford, R. D.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGrainge, K. J.B.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGreen, D. A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGurwell, M. A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorHodges, M. W.en_US
dc.contributor.authorHovatta, T.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKiehlmann, S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorLähteenmäki, A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMax-Moerbeck, W.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMcAloone, T.en_US
dc.contributor.authorO'Neill, S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorPavlidou, V.en_US
dc.contributor.authorPearson, T. J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorRavi, V.en_US
dc.contributor.authorReeves, R. A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorScott, P. F.en_US
dc.contributor.authorTaylor, G. B.en_US
dc.contributor.authorTitterington, D. J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorTornikoski, M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorVedantham, H. K.en_US
dc.contributor.authorWilkinson, P. N.en_US
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, D. T.en_US
dc.contributor.authorZensus, J. A.en_US
dc.contributor.departmentMetsähovi Radio Observatoryen
dc.contributor.departmentDepartment of Electronics and Nanoengineeringen
dc.contributor.groupauthorAnne Lähteenmäki Groupen
dc.contributor.organizationStanford Universityen_US
dc.contributor.organizationUniversity of Turkuen_US
dc.contributor.organizationCalifornia Institute of Technologyen_US
dc.contributor.organizationPurdue Universityen_US
dc.contributor.organizationFlorida Institute of Technologyen_US
dc.contributor.organizationUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arboren_US
dc.contributor.organizationUniversity of Manchesteren_US
dc.contributor.organizationUniversity of Cambridgeen_US
dc.contributor.organizationHarvard Universityen_US
dc.contributor.organizationUniversidad de Chileen_US
dc.contributor.organizationUniversity of Creteen_US
dc.contributor.organizationUniversidad de Concepciónen_US
dc.contributor.organizationUniversity of New Mexicoen_US
dc.contributor.organizationNetherlands Institute for Radio Astronomyen_US
dc.contributor.organizationMax Planck Institute for Radio Astronomyen_US
dc.contributor.organizationFoundation for Research and Technology - Hellasen_US
dc.date.accessioned2022-04-06T06:27:23Z
dc.date.available2022-04-06T06:27:23Z
dc.date.issued2022-03-01en_US
dc.descriptionFunding Information: The OVRO 40 m program was supported by private funding from the California Institute of Technology and the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, and by NASA grants NNG06GG1G, NNX08AW31G, NNX11A043G, and NNX13AQ89G from 2006 to 2016 and NSF grants AST-0808050, and AST-1109911 from 2008 to 2014. T.H. was supported by the Academy of Finland projects 317383, 320085, and 322535. S.K. acknowledges support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 771282. W.M. acknowledges support from ANID projects Basal AFB-170002 and PAI79160080. R.R. acknowledges support from ANID Basal AFB-170002, and ANID-FONDECYT grant 1181620. The Submillimeter Array is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. This research has used data from the University of Michigan Radio Astronomy Observatory, which has been supported by the University of Michigan and by a series of grants from the National Science Foundation, most recently AST-0607523, and from NASA-Fermi G. I. grants NNX09AU16G, NNX10AP16G, NNX13AP18G, and NNX11AO13G. The MOJAVE project was supported by NASA-Fermi grants 80NSSC19K1579, NNX15AU76G, and NNX12A087G. The Very Long Baseline Array and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory are facilities of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. This work made use of the Swinburne University of Technology software correlator (Deller et al. ), developed as part of the Australian Major National Research Facilities Programme and operated under licence. A.M.I. is supported by the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford, and acknowledges support from the European Research Council under grant ERC-2012-StG-307215 LODESTONE. Publisher Copyright: © 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.
dc.description.abstractSymmetric achromatic variability (SAV) is a rare form of radio variability in blazars that has been attributed to gravitational milli-lensing by a ∼102-105 M ⊙ mass condensate. Four SAVs have been identified between 1980 and 2020 in the long-term radio monitoring data of the blazar PKS 1413 + 135. We show that all four can be fitted with the same, unchanging, gravitational lens model. If SAV is due to gravitational milli-lensing, PKS 1413 + 135 provides a unique system for studying active galactic nuclei with unprecedented microarcsecond resolution, as well as for studying the nature of the milli-lens itself. We discuss two possible candidates for the putative milli-lens: a giant molecular cloud hosted in the intervening edge-on spiral galaxy, and an undetected dwarf galaxy with a massive black hole. We find a significant dependence of SAV crossing time on frequency, which could indicate a fast shock moving in a slower underlying flow. We also find tentative evidence for a 989 day periodicity in the SAVs, which, if real, makes possible the prediction of future SAVs: the next three windows for possible SAVs begin in 2022 August, 2025 May, and 2028 February.en
dc.description.versionPeer revieweden
dc.format.extent20
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen_US
dc.identifier.citationPeirson, A L, Liodakis, I, Readhead, A C S, Lister, M L, Perlman, E S, Aller, M F, Blandford, R D, Grainge, K J B, Green, D A, Gurwell, M A, Hodges, M W, Hovatta, T, Kiehlmann, S, Lähteenmäki, A, Max-Moerbeck, W, McAloone, T, O'Neill, S, Pavlidou, V, Pearson, T J, Ravi, V, Reeves, R A, Scott, P F, Taylor, G B, Titterington, D J, Tornikoski, M, Vedantham, H K, Wilkinson, P N, Williams, D T & Zensus, J A 2022, ' New Tests of Milli-lensing in the Blazar PKS 1413 + 135 ', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 927, no. 1, 24 . https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac469een
dc.identifier.doi10.3847/1538-4357/ac469een_US
dc.identifier.issn0004-637X
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: 09dafe7b-2017-4dd5-949c-ab162420c19fen_US
dc.identifier.otherPURE ITEMURL: https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/09dafe7b-2017-4dd5-949c-ab162420c19fen_US
dc.identifier.otherPURE LINK: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85126283553&partnerID=8YFLogxKen_US
dc.identifier.otherPURE FILEURL: https://research.aalto.fi/files/81218737/Peirson_New_Tests_of_Milli_lensing_Blazar_AJ.pdfen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/113836
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:fi:aalto-202204062712
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherIOP Publishing Ltd.
dc.relation.ispartofseriesAstrophysical Journalen
dc.relation.ispartofseriesVolume 927, issue 1en
dc.rightsopenAccessen
dc.titleNew Tests of Milli-lensing in the Blazar PKS 1413 + 135en
dc.typeA1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessäfi
dc.type.versionpublishedVersion
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