Experimental study of hydrogen jet dynamics : Investigating free momentum and impingement phenomena

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A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä

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en

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15

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 68, pp. 1423-1437

Abstract

There is a growing interest in the utilization of hydrogen (H2), as a zero-carbon fuel, in internal combustion engines (ICEs). Accordingly, the primary focus of this study is to investigate low-pressure H2 jet dynamics, which play a vital role in air-fuel mixing especially in direct injection (DI) engines. High-speed z-type schlieren imaging is employed in a constant volume chamber to study the effect of nozzle geometry (single-hole, double-hole, and multi-hole), pressure ratios (PR = injection pressure (Pi)/chamber pressure (Pch)), injection angle (10°, 15°, and 20°), and injection duration (ID) on the H2 jet characteristics. Image post-processing is executed in MATLAB and Python to extract the H2 jet characteristics, including penetration and cross-sectional area. The novelty stems from the comprehensive investigation of H2 jet dynamics and impingement phenomenon under various engine-like conditions. The results indicate that apart from the fact that higher pressure ratios (PRs) improve the air-fuel mixing, the single-hole nozzle induces the fastest H2 jet penetration and the smallest cross-sectional area. Conversely, the double-hole nozzle leads to the slowest penetration and the most expansive cross-sectional area. The performance of the multi-hole nozzle falls between that of the single-hole and double-hole nozzles. Additionally, changing the injection angle results in jet-piston impingement at the periphery, leading to higher H2 concentration in those areas. This negatively affects the formation of an optimal air-fuel mixture. It is also found that changing the injection duration (ID) has no noticeable impact on the H2 jet's behavior.

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Yeganeh, M, Akram, M S, Cheng, Q, Karimkashi, S, Kaario, O & Larmi, M 2024, 'Experimental study of hydrogen jet dynamics : Investigating free momentum and impingement phenomena', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 68, pp. 1423-1437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.04.296