Review—Recent Developments in Low Temperature Wafer Level Metal Bonding for Heterogenous Integration
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A2 Katsausartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
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ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, Volume 13, issue 10
Abstract
An overview of various low-temperature (<200 °C) wafer bonding processes using metal interlayers is presented. Such processes are very attractive for novel applications in 3D heterogenous packaging as the allow for simultaneous formation of electrical interconnects, as well as hermetic encapsulation of various sensors and microelectromechanical systems-based devices. Metal wafer bonding is a generic category of processes consisting of various sub-categories, each one defined by the different principles governing the process. One can differentiate between eutectic wafer bonding (a eutectic alloy is formed as bonding layer during the process by liquid-solid interdiffusion), intermetallic wafer bonding (an intermetallic alloy is formed as bonding layer during the process by solid-liquid interdiffusion, a process known also as solid liquid intermetallic diffusion transient liquid phase, and metal thermo-compression wafer bonding. Different critical/gating parameters were investigated and their impact for generally reducing processing temperatures for the different metal bonding systems was studied.Description
Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Electrochemical Society (“ECS”). Published on behalf of ECS by IOP Publishing Limited. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.
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Wernicke, T, Rebhan, B, Vuorinen, V, Paulasto-Kröckel, M, Dubey, V, Diex, K, Wünsch, D, Baum, M, Wiemer, M, Tanaka, S, Froemel, J, Aasmundtveit, K E, Nguyen, H V & Dragoi, V 2024, 'Review—Recent Developments in Low Temperature Wafer Level Metal Bonding for Heterogenous Integration', ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, vol. 13, no. 10, 104005. https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ad8519