Dynamics of the Ammonia Spray Using High-Speed Schlieren Imaging

dc.contributorAalto-yliopistofi
dc.contributorAalto Universityen
dc.contributor.authorCheng, Qiangen_US
dc.contributor.authorOjanen, Katriinaen_US
dc.contributor.authorDiao, Yantaoen_US
dc.contributor.authorKaario, Ossien_US
dc.contributor.authorLarmi, Marttien_US
dc.contributor.departmentDepartment of Mechanical Engineeringen
dc.contributor.groupauthorEnergy Conversionen
dc.contributor.organizationEnergy Authorityen_US
dc.contributor.organizationShandong Heze Huaxing Fuel Injection Equipment Co. Ltd.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2023-06-14T08:50:43Z
dc.date.available2023-06-14T08:50:43Z
dc.date.issued2022-03-08en_US
dc.descriptionFunding Information: Financial support from Aalto University, School of Engineering (Department of Mechanical Engineering) and Finnish Academy project (Grant No. 297248) is gratefully acknowledged. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 SAE International. All rights reserved.
dc.description.abstractAmmonia (NH3), as a carbon-free fuel, has a higher optimization potential to power internal combustion engines (ICEs) compared to hydrogen due to its relatively high energy density (7.1MJ/L), with an established transportation network and high flexibility. However, the NH3 is still far underdeveloped as fuel for ICE application because of its completely different chemical and physical properties compared with hydrocarbon fuels. Among all uncertainties, the dynamics of the NH3 spray at engine conditions is one of the most important factors that should be clarified for optimizing the fuel-air mixing. To characterize the evolution and evaporation process of NH3 spray, a high-speed Z-type schlieren imaging technique is employed to estimate the spray characteristics under different injection pressure and air densities in a constant volume chamber. Three renewable fuels, including NH3, methanol and ethanol, are investigated to compare the differences in their spray behavior at engine-like conditions. The basic parameters of the spray geometry such as spray penetration, spray cone angle and cross-section area are quantified based on the schlieren images postprocessing. The results show that the spray geometry of NH3 differs from that of the other fuels, which exhibits a longer penetration, larger spray cone angle and cross-section area. Moreover, the NH3 also shows a faster evaporation rate than methanol and ethanol. To extract more information from the spray images, an optical flow algorithm is derived to visualize the velocity field based on the schlieren images. The results indicate that NH3 spray is driven to the spray axis under the effect of the vortices. The vortices are induced by the entrainment of the surrounding gas and act as the driving forces that push the spray plumes towards the axis at the same time. The two vortices of NH3 grow much bigger and stronger and move closer to the spray axis compared to the ethanol and methanol.en
dc.description.versionPeer revieweden
dc.format.extent5
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen_US
dc.identifier.citationCheng, Q, Ojanen, K, Diao, Y, Kaario, O & Larmi, M 2022, ' Dynamics of the Ammonia Spray Using High-Speed Schlieren Imaging ', SAE Technical Papers, vol. 2022-01-0053 . https://doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0053en
dc.identifier.doi10.4271/2022-01-0053en_US
dc.identifier.issn0148-7191
dc.identifier.issn2688-3627
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: 32784f99-9c32-4a61-9568-5b2a794971c5en_US
dc.identifier.otherPURE ITEMURL: https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/32784f99-9c32-4a61-9568-5b2a794971c5en_US
dc.identifier.otherPURE LINK: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85127537986&partnerID=8YFLogxKen_US
dc.identifier.otherPURE FILEURL: https://research.aalto.fi/files/113364961/2022_01_0053.pdfen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/121434
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:fi:aalto-202306143811
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherSAE International
dc.relation.ispartofseriesSAE Technical Papersen
dc.relation.ispartofseriesVolume 2022-01-0053en
dc.rightsopenAccessen
dc.titleDynamics of the Ammonia Spray Using High-Speed Schlieren Imagingen
dc.typeA4 Artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussafi
dc.type.versionpublishedVersion
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