Characterizing car to two-wheeler residual crashes in China: Application of the automatic emergency braking system in virtual simulation
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Insinööritieteiden korkeakoulu |
Master's thesis
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Authors
Date
2019-08-19
Department
Major/Subject
Mcode
Degree programme
Master's Programme in Mechanical Engineering (MEC)
Language
en
Pages
33
Series
Abstract
The fast development of vehicles not only benefits people’s life, but also threatens people’s health in the road traffic. The Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) system is one effective active safety system in saving lives on the road. This study proposed one AEB algorithm and it was implemented to car-to-two-wheeler crashes to evaluate the performance of the AEB and to analyze the characteristics of the remaining crashes. The algorithm was based on comfort braking and steering limits of car drivers and two-wheeler drivers, and the algorithm simulation was composed of the future path prediction of both vehicles, the braking maneuver and the steering maneuver of car drivers and two-wheeler drivers. The simulation of the future path prediction was used to check whether the car and the two-wheeler was on the collision course and the braking and steering maneuvers were to assess the collision avoidance ability of both drivers. The proposed algorithm was triggered only when the collision danger was detected and both drivers could not avoid the collision by steering or braking on their own. The reference algorithm, which utilized the vehicle braking limitation and did not involve the collision avoidance ability of the drivers, was only applied to compare the effectiveness in collision avoidance. Both AEB algorithms were implemented to the pre-crash-matrix (PCM) of the China Shanghai United Road Traffic Scientific Research Center (SHUFO) crash data. It was found that the proposed algorithm was triggered later than the reference algorithm in about 50% of cases. For these cases, the drivers may feel unnecessary to activate the AEB when the reference algorithm was triggered, as they were still able to avoid the collision by their own action or by the action of the collision partner. To evaluate the injury mitigation, one available motorcyclist injury model from previous research was used in the study. The injury mitigation was studied based on the three levels of injury: MAIS2+F, MAIS3+F and fatal injury. The results indicated that the effectiveness in injury mitigation for fatal injury is around 60% and for MAIS2+F and MAIS3+F, around 50% after the proposed AEB implementation. The proposed algorithm is applicable to all types of scenarios. The crash data was classified into nine types of scenarios and the simulation results showed that the effectiveness of the proposed AEB algorithm in collision avoidance varied across scenarios. Residual crashes have a higher proportion of the straight moving car scenario compared to the turning car scenario. This finding related to unavoidable crashes by the proposed AEB algorithm involving cars travelling at high speed.Description
Supervisor
Tammi, KariThesis advisor
Bärgman, JonasKeywords
AEB algorithm, collision avoidance, powered two-wheeler, SHUFO PCM, comfort limits of drivers