Generation of office buildings electricity comsumption profiles

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School of Electrical Engineering | Master's thesis
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Date

2010

Department

Elektroniikan, tietoliikenteen ja automaation tiedekunta

Major/Subject

Sähköverkot ja suurjännitetekniikka

Mcode

S-18

Degree programme

Language

en

Pages

[7] + 62 s. + liitt. 6

Series

Abstract

The generation of load demand profiles for office appliances is very significant and an important factor for the evaluation of the energy performance of commercial buildings. The importance of evaluating appliances and user consumption characteristics is very vital as they describe and define load variations. Previous studies on office appliances load profiles have concentrated on single appliances without including occupants' consumption pattern. In this thesis, individual appliance consumption profiles have been, studied carefully by analyzing the appliance characteristics, consumption pattern and human behaviour pattern in office buildings. The appliances were modelled to emulate office buildings and office occupants' characteristics. The load profiles were generated from a simulation model using measured statistical data. The measured statistical data were used to create a realistic consumption behaviour pattern of appliances during non-active (non-consuming) and active hours. The stochastic method and regression time series analyses were used to estimate load profiles for appliances with undefined statistical data distribution. The profiles present hourly electricity consumption of appliances in a typical office during the weekdays. It was observed that the main factors affecting appliance electricity consumption and load variations are the switching on and off, the standby, sleep-mode and the use of energy saving methods. It was further observed that energy saving methods play a significant row in load profile generation. The evaluation of the energy performance of office buildings is primarily based on factors described above considering the buildings' operation and consumption patterns. Some appliances are considered Phantom Consumers hence, during non-active hours and weekends they are switched off. The purpose of switching off is to achieve the zero watts consumption. The use of high-end appliances and modern energy saving methods does not only reduce electricity consumption but also defines and improves the energy performance of commercial buildings. Even though the appliance cost measures have not been included here but the generated load profiles here can be used as references to evaluate the cost measures of both appliances and the buildings. The thesis discusses the appliance consumption patterns, characteristics, efficiency and present simulated load demand profiles. Furthermore, the thesis provides an overview of office appliances usage pattern in Finnish office buildings. The load profiles present average hourly electricity load demands.

Description

Supervisor

Lehtonen, Matti

Thesis advisor

Paatero, Jukka

Keywords

electricity consumption, office appliances, load profiles, office building, energy performance

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Citation

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https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:aalto-2020122357850

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[dipl] Sähkötekniikan korkeakoulu / ELEC