Conductive Carbon Microfibers Derived from Wet-Spun Lignin/Nanocellulose Hydrogels

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Volume Title

A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä

Date

2019-03-18

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Mcode

Degree programme

Language

en

Pages

10
6013-6022

Series

ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, Volume 7, issue 6

Abstract

We introduce an eco-friendly process to dramatically simplify carbon microfiber fabrication from biobased materials. The microfibers are first produced by wet-spinning in aqueous calcium chloride solution, which provides rapid coagulation of the hydrogel precursors comprising wood-derived lignin and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNF). The thermomechanical performance of the obtained lignin/TOCNF filaments is investigated as a function of cellulose nanofibril orientation (wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS)), morphology (scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), and density. Following direct carbonization of the filaments at 900 °C, carbon microfibers (CMFs) are obtained with remarkably high yield, up to 41%, at lignin loadings of 70 wt % in the precursor microfibers (compared to 23% yield for those produced in the absence of lignin). Without any thermal stabilization or graphitization steps, the morphology, strength, and flexibility of the CMFs are retained to a large degree compared to those of the respective precursors. The electrical conductivity of the CMFs reach values as high as 103 S cm -1 , making them suitable for microelectrodes, fiber-shaped supercapacitors, and wearable electronics. Overall, the cellulose nanofibrils act as structural elements for fast, inexpensive, and environmentally sound wet-spinning while lignin endows CMFs with high carbon yield and electrical conductivity.

Description

| openaire: EC/H2020/788489/EU//BioELCell

Keywords

Carbon fibers, Carbonization, Cellulose nanofibrils, Coagulation, Electrical conductivity, Lignin, Wet spinning, SUSPENSIONS, CONVERSION, RHEOLOGY, Wet spinning Coagulation, CELLULOSE NANOFIBRILS, CARBONIZATION, FIBERS, FILAMENTS, FUEL, NANOTUBES, PRECURSORS

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Citation

Wang, L, Ago, M, Borghei, M, Ishaq, A, Papageorgiou, A C, Lundahl, M & Rojas, O J 2019, ' Conductive Carbon Microfibers Derived from Wet-Spun Lignin/Nanocellulose Hydrogels ', ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 6013-6022 . https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b06081