Characterization of Predictable Quantum Efficient Detector

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Volume Title

School of Electrical Engineering | Doctoral thesis (article-based) | Defence date: 2023-10-20

Date

2023

Major/Subject

Mcode

Degree programme

Language

en

Pages

52 + app. 53

Series

Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL THESES, 170/2023

Abstract

The aim of this thesis is to develop new characterization methods for Predictable Quantum Efficient Detector (PQED) at visible wavelengths and to extend the predictable responsivity range of PQED into short visible and ultraviolet (UV) spectral ranges. The thesis presents optical studies of PQEDs made of p- and n-type photo diodes, including determination of responsivity, reflectance, spatial uniformity, and bias-voltage dependent characteristic in expanded spectral range compared to previous studies. Investigations of internal quantum efficiency of silicon detectors were done at UV spectral range. A theoretical model for quantum gain in silicon photodiodes was developed for short visible and UV spectral ranges. The n-type PQED with Al2O3 layer coating was optically characterized at short and long visible wavelengths. Its responsivity was obtained through comparison measurements against reference p-type PQED. Reflectance losses were measured and compared with simulated values and found to agree. With these measurements n-type PQED responsivity is predictable in visible range. Novel p-type PQEDs with SiNx surface layer were characterized against reference p-type PQED. It was found out that SiNx PQEDs have excellent spatial uniformity and at least as high responsivity as the used reference PQED. Responsivity of PQED and Hamamatsu trap detector was studied in UV range by comparison measurements against room temperature pyroelectric radiometer. With predicted reflectance and recombination losses, absolute value of quantum gain was retrieved from measured responsivity of PQED. Based on measured data of quantum yield, a theoretical model for quantum yield was developed for short visible and UV wavelengths. Calculated quantum gain has very good agreement with measured values at short visible wavelengths. Separation of contributions of quantum gain and reflectance in responsivity allowed to estimate recombination losses of Hamamatsu photodiodes that was not reported before. A new way of analysing PQED photocurrent dependence on bias voltage was also proposed. Such data can be used for fitting of a 3D charge-carrier transport model which was utilized in a separate work to predict fundamental parameters of PQED photodiodes and to determine spectral responsivity with an unprecedented accuracy.

Description

Supervising professor

Ikonen, Erkki, Prof., Aalto University, Department of Signal Processing and Acoustics, Finland

Thesis advisor

Manoocheri, Farshid, Dr., Aalto University, Finland

Keywords

predictable quantum efficient detector, PQED

Other note

Parts

  • [Publication 1]: M. Korpusenko, F. Manoocheri, O-P. Kilpi, A. Varpula, M. Kainlauri, T. Vehmas, M. Prunnila, and Ikonen E, “Characterization of predictable quantum efficient detector at 488 nm and 785 nm wavelengths with an order of magnitude change of incident optical power,” MeasurementScience and Technology 33, 015206, 2022.
    DOI: 10.1088/1361-6501/ac367a View at publisher
  • [Publication 2]: O. Koybasi, Ø. Nordseth, T. Tran, M. Povoli, M. Rajteri, C. Pepe, E. Bardalen, F. Manoocheri, A. Summanwar, M. Korpusenko, M.N. Getz, P. Ohlckers, E. Ikonen, and J. Gran, “High performance predictable quantum efficient detector based on induced-junction photodiodes passivated with SiO2/SiNx,“ Sensors 21, 7807, 2021.
    DOI: 10.3390/s21237807 View at publisher
  • [Publication 3]: M. Korpusenko, A. Vaskuri, F. Manoocheri, and E. Ikonen, ”Impact ionization in silicon at low charge-carrier energies,” AIP Advances 13, 085119, 2023.
    Full text in Acris/Aaltodoc: http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:aalto-202309135874
    DOI: 10.1063/5.0164405 View at publisher
  • [Publication 4]: M. Korpusenko, A. Vaskuri, F. Manoocheri, and E. Ikonen, ”Internal quantum efficiency of silicon photodetectors at ultraviolet wavelengths,” Metrologia 60, 055010, 2023,
    DOI: 10.1088/1681-7575/acf5f0 View at publisher

Citation