A grave-to-cradle analysis of lithium-ion battery cathode materials using material and energy circularity indicators

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dc.contributorAalto-yliopistofi
dc.contributorAalto Universityen
dc.contributor.authorVierunketo, Minervaen_US
dc.contributor.authorKlemettinen, Annaen_US
dc.contributor.authorReuter, Markus A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSantasalo-Aarnio, Annukkaen_US
dc.contributor.authorSerna-Guerrero, Rodrigoen_US
dc.contributor.departmentDepartment of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineeringen
dc.contributor.departmentDepartment of Mechanical Engineeringen
dc.contributor.groupauthorMineral Processing and Recyclingen
dc.contributor.groupauthorEnergy Conversion and Systemsen
dc.date.accessioned2024-09-04T06:36:55Z
dc.date.available2024-09-04T06:36:55Z
dc.date.issued2024-09-15en_US
dc.descriptionPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The Authors
dc.description.abstractThe future demands for lithium-ion batteries required for powering the electrification transition in transportation and energy storage will lead to vast amounts of waste, demanding proper end-of-life strategies. As various recycling routes are continuously developed to address this issue, a significant challenge is the fair comparison of processes entailing different unit operations and transformation stages. Indeed, the choice of metallurgical or direct recycling routes results in diverse materials flows and energy demands. To allow a suitable comparison between technologies, this work presents a grave-to-cradle analysis of cathode materials (i.e., lithium cobalt oxide) considering three recycling processes representative of the most popular routes (i.e., pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and direct recycling). Unlike previously published works, a system-level analysis of both material recovery and energy preservation was carried out using statistical entropy and exergy analysis, respectively. Furthermore, comparison of processes using exentropy, a recently proposed circularity parameter combining both material recovery and energy preservation, was performed for the first time. The results highlight the need of a robust multidimensional analysis of processes to properly determine their suitability according to the needs of the circular economy. When materials and energy preservation were analyzed independently, two different routes were identified as optimal. The need of a robust multidimensional analysis of processes to properly account for the goals of the circular economy is thus highlighted. Exentropy analysis suggested that direct recycling provides the optimum alternative in terms of energy utilization for the recovery of materials.en
dc.description.versionPeer revieweden
dc.format.extent10
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen_US
dc.identifier.citationVierunketo, M, Klemettinen, A, Reuter, M A, Santasalo-Aarnio, A & Serna-Guerrero, R 2024, ' A grave-to-cradle analysis of lithium-ion battery cathode materials using material and energy circularity indicators ', Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 471, 143435 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143435en
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143435en_US
dc.identifier.issn0959-6526
dc.identifier.issn1879-1786
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: f0fc3f12-165e-4e31-922f-9c43699ad955en_US
dc.identifier.otherPURE ITEMURL: https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/f0fc3f12-165e-4e31-922f-9c43699ad955en_US
dc.identifier.otherPURE LINK: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85201469245&partnerID=8YFLogxKen_US
dc.identifier.otherPURE FILEURL: https://research.aalto.fi/files/156186055/CHEM_Vierunketo_et_al_A_grave-to-cradle_analysis_2024_Journal_of_Cleaner_Production.pdfen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/130638
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:fi:aalto-202409046200
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherElsevier Science Ltd.
dc.relation.ispartofseriesJournal of Cleaner Production
dc.relation.ispartofseriesVolume 471
dc.rightsopenAccessen
dc.subject.keywordexentropyen_US
dc.subject.keywordLithium-ion battery recyclingen_US
dc.subject.keywordRelative exergyen_US
dc.subject.keywordStatistical entropyen_US
dc.titleA grave-to-cradle analysis of lithium-ion battery cathode materials using material and energy circularity indicatorsen
dc.typeA1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessäfi
dc.type.versionpublishedVersion
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