Intermetallic Void Formation in Cu-Sn Micro-Connects

dc.contributorAalto-yliopistofi
dc.contributorAalto Universityen
dc.contributor.advisorVuorinen, Vesa, Dr., Aalto University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Finland
dc.contributor.authorRoss, Glenn
dc.contributor.departmentSähkötekniikan ja automaation laitosfi
dc.contributor.departmentDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Automationen
dc.contributor.labElectronics Integration and Reliability Uniten
dc.contributor.schoolSähkötekniikan korkeakoulufi
dc.contributor.schoolSchool of Electrical Engineeringen
dc.contributor.supervisorPaulasto-Kröckel, Mervi, Prof., Aalto University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Finland
dc.date.accessioned2019-01-26T10:01:14Z
dc.date.available2019-01-26T10:01:14Z
dc.date.defence2019-02-01
dc.date.issued2019
dc.description.abstractThe compatibility of new materials and their interfaces are key components in the pursuit of highly integrated and reliable systems. An extensive understanding is required of the behaviour and stability of the materials not only during device fabrication but over the entire functional lifetime of a device. A microstructural defect, and the focus of this thesis, that threatens the mechanical and electrical performance of 3D-intergrated systems is Cu-Sn intermetallic void formation. Results of this work has been separated as follows: (i) understanding the sporadic behaviour of void formation, (ii) understand the key parameters influencing voiding formation, (iii) examine the microstructural and chemical properties associated with void formation, (iv) present a void formation hypothesis and (v) discuss void reduction and detection methods for the microelectronic industry. Historically void formation has been sporadic and uncontrolled and led this author, in additional to several other authors, to question whether formation is only due to the Kirkendall effect (interdiffusion imbalance between two joined metals). The Cu electroplating process and the parameters used play a large role in effecting the voiding propensity. These parameters, including the additive chemistry and current density, influence the microstructural properties and chemical composition of the deposited film such as, grain structure, residual stresses, crystal defect density and trace impurities. A new intermetallic void formation hypothesis is proposed based on microstructural and chemical state of the Cu-Sn system. Intermetallic voids can be suppressed when the Cu electroplating process is well controlled, which requires careful observation of the electroplating parameters. This requires cooperation and understanding of the process between the semiconductor fabrication companies and the Cu process suppliers. However, it is difficult to control voiding completely, therefore non-destructive void detection methods need to be developed.en
dc.format.extent85 + app. 51
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.isbn978-952-60-8376-6 (electronic)
dc.identifier.isbn978-952-60-8375-9 (printed)
dc.identifier.issn1799-4942 (electronic)
dc.identifier.issn1799-4934 (printed)
dc.identifier.issn1799-4934 (ISSN-L)
dc.identifier.urihttps://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/36183
dc.identifier.urnURN:ISBN:978-952-60-8376-6
dc.language.isoenen
dc.opnDe Messemaeker, Joke, Dr., Imec, Belgium
dc.opnKiener, Daniel, Prof., Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria
dc.publisherAalto Universityen
dc.publisherAalto-yliopistofi
dc.relation.haspart[Publication 1]: Ross, Glenn; Vuorinen, Vesa; Paulasto-Kröckel, Mervi. Void formation and its impact on Cu-Sn intermetallic compound formation. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2016, volume 677, pp. 127-138. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.03.193
dc.relation.haspart[Publication 2]: Ross, Glenn; Tao, Xiaoma; Broas, Mikael; Mäntyoja, Nikolai; Vuorinen, Vesa; Graff, Andreas; Altmann, Frank; Petzold, Matthias; Paulasto-Kröckel, Mervi. Interfacial Void Segregation of Cl in Cu-Sn Micro-Connects. Electronics Material Letters, 2017, volume 13, issue 4, pp. 307-312. DOI: 10.1007/s13391-017-6304-5
dc.relation.haspart[Publication 3]: Ross, Glenn; Vuorinen, Vesa; Petzold, Matthias; Paulasto-Kröckel, Mervi; Brand, Sebastian. Gigahertz scanning acoustic microscopy analysis of voids in Cu-Sn micro-connects. American Institute of Physics. Applied Physics Letters, 2017, volume 110, pp. 1 -5. Full Text in Acris/Aaltodoc: http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:aalto-201808014068. DOI: 10.1063/1.4975305
dc.relation.haspart[Publication 4]: Ross, Glenn; Vuorinen, Vesa; Krause, Matthias; Reissaus, Stephan; Petzold, Matthias; Paulasto-Kröckel, Mervi. XRD and ToF-SIMS study of intermetallic void formation in Cu-Sn micro-connects. Microelectronics Reliability, 2017, volume 76-77, pp. 390-394. DOI: 10.1016/j.microrel.2017.07.044
dc.relation.haspart[Publication 5]: Ross, Glenn; Malmberg, Per; Vuorinen, Vesa, Paulasto-Kröckel, Mervi. The Role of Ultrafine Crystalline Behavior and Trace Impurities in Copper on Intermetallic Void Formation. American Chemical Society. Applied Electronic Materials, 2018. DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.8b00029
dc.relation.ispartofseriesAalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONSen
dc.relation.ispartofseries8/2019
dc.revNguyen, Luu, Dr., Texas Instruments, USA
dc.revNogita, Kazuhiro, Dr., University of Queensland, Australia
dc.subject.keywordCu-Sn intermetallic voidsen
dc.subject.keywordKirkendall voidsen
dc.subject.keywordmicro-connectsen
dc.subject.keywordreliabilityen
dc.subject.keywordthermodynamicsen
dc.subject.keywordsolid-state diffusionen
dc.subject.keywordmicrostructureen
dc.subject.otherElectrical engineeringen
dc.titleIntermetallic Void Formation in Cu-Sn Micro-Connectsen
dc.typeG5 Artikkeliväitöskirjafi
dc.type.dcmitypetexten
dc.type.ontasotDoctoral dissertation (article-based)en
dc.type.ontasotVäitöskirja (artikkeli)fi
local.aalto.acrisexportstatuschecked 2019-04-18_1849
local.aalto.archiveyes
local.aalto.formfolder2019_01_25_klo_16_20
local.aalto.infraOtaNano – Aalto Nanofab / Micronova
local.aalto.infraOtaNano – Nanomicroscopy Center

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