Characterization of crude extracts from willow barks and their performance as proanthocyanidin -based coagulants in water treatment

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Volume Title

A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä

Date

2024-03

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Mcode

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Language

en

Pages

8

Series

Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 209

Abstract

This work investigates the proanthocyanidin profile of willow bark crude extracts and these materials were cationized and preliminarily tested as biocoagulants for water treatment. The characteristics of crude extracts proanthocyanidin were investigated using size exclusion chromatography (SEC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS analysis indicates that the crude extracts contain significant amounts of sugars. Furthermore, SEC and liquid-state NMR spectroscopy showed that crude extract contains roughly 3–4 flavan-3-ol units with procyanidin (PC)/ prodelphinidin (PD) ratio of roughly 3–5. Thus, the modified form of tannin (proanthocyanidin-enriched) coagulants obtained the higher cationic charge density. The coagulation experiments with kaolin-river water mixture suggested that all the selected willow hybrids’ tannin coagulants were effective in settling the particles down. This study indicates that the value of willow bark can be significantly improved by the usage of crude extracts for water treatment.

Description

Funding Information: This work made use of the RawMatTERS Finland infrastructure (RAMI) facilities based at Aalto University. This work was a part of the Academy of Finland's Flagship Program under Project No. 318890 and No. 318891 (Competence Center for Materials Bioeconomy, FinnCERES). J.D. thanks the Academy of Finland for the ‘‘Academy Research Fellow’’ funding (Grant 356520). Dr. Leena Pitkänen from Aalto University provided the assistance for the molecular weight analysis using Gel Permeation Chromatography. The authors affiliated with University of Oulu would like to thank the EU and the Academy of Finland (Finland, grant number 345509), the Ministry of Health (Israel), Innovationsfonden Denmark (Denmark) and the Water Research Commission (South Africa) for funding, in the frame of the collaborative international consortium (REWA, Reduction and assessment of antimicrobial resistance and emerging pollutants in natural-based water treatment systems) financed under the ERA-NET AquaticPollutants Joint Transnational Call (GA No 869178). ERA-NET is an integral part of the activities developed by the Water, Oceans and AMR Joint Programming Initiatives.

Keywords

Biocoagulant, Colloids destabilization, Proanthocyanidins, Surface water treatment, Willow bark crude extracts

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Citation

Dou, J, Bello, A, Koivisto, J, Meinander, K, Leiviskä, T & Vuorinen, T 2024, ' Characterization of crude extracts from willow barks and their performance as proanthocyanidin -based coagulants in water treatment ', Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 209, 117962 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.117962